274 MaAcCAUGHEY: THE STRAND FLORA 
earth, sand, and seeds lodge in its many crevices; another storm 
sets it again adrift; and it may be cast ashore upon a distant strand. 
Coral blocks of this sort are infrequent on Hawaiian shores, owing 
to the relative paucity of fringing reef, and have probably been of 
minor significance in seed dispersal. They constitute, however, 
a possible factor, soloaepietied on Oahu, Kauai, and the leeward 
isles. 
COMPOSITION—A CLASSIFIED LIST OF THE 
HAWAIIAN STRAND PLANTS 
I. True littorals 
Species which occur only or chiefly within the strand zone. 
ENDEMIC LITTORALS 
Trees and shrubs 
There are no endemic trees that are strictly littoral. This is a 
significant feature of the Hawaiian flora. The shrubs are: 
Lycium sandwicense Gray Scaevola coriacea Nutt. 
Nototrichium humile Hillebd. Solanum Nelsoni Dun. 
Santalum Freycinetianum Gaud. SS. laysanense Bitter 
var. littorale Hillebd. Wikstroemia Uva-ursi Gray 
Phyllostegia variabilis Bitter 
Herbaceous plants 
Achyranthus splendens Mart.  Lipochaeta connata (Gaud.) DC. 
A. splendens var. rotundata Hil- var. littoralis Hillebd. 
lebd. L. integrifolia (Nutt.) Gray 
Campylotheca molokaiensis Hil- L. succulenta (Hook. & Arn.) DC. 
lebd. Schiedea globosa Mann 
Fimbristylis pycnocephala Hil- S. Lydgatei Hillebd. 
lebd. Sporobolus virginicus (L.) Kunth 
Kadua littoralis Hillebd. var. phleoides Hillebd. 
Lefidium owathense Cham. & Tetramolopium sp. 
Schlecht. ; 
2. INDIGENOUS LITTORALS 
Trees and shrubs 
There are no indigenous trees that are strictly littoral. Shrubs: 
Colubrina asiatica (L.) Brongn. Gossypium tomentosum Nutt. 
