GLOSSARY, 



919 



Mother-plant, that parrnt of a hybrid upon which 



the seed is matured. 

 Mycelium, the filamentous vegetative body of a 



Funj^is. 

 Myco-cecidium, a gall which owes its origin to the 



attacks of Fungi. 

 Mycorhiza, a root invested by a fungal mantle: 



supposed to be a case of symbiosis. 

 Mycosis, a diseased condition of animal tissues 



alleged to bo due to the presence of a Mimld-fungus. 

 Myrmecophilous, used of plants which attract ants, 



the latter often liWng altogether \ipon the plant 



and affording it protection against certain enemies. 



Nectary, a honey-secreting gland or part of a flower. 



Neroli, Oil of, the ethereal oil yielded by the flowers 

 of the Orange-tree. 



Neuter flowers, flowers destitute of functional 

 stamens or carpels. 



Node, the part of a stem at which a leaf or whorl of 

 leaves is inserted. 



Nodose, or Nodosus, knotty; ha\'ing well-marked 

 nodes or knots. 



Nodulated, baring small knots: diminutive of nodose. 



Nucellus, the central portion or body of an ovule, 

 containing the embryo-sac. 



Nuclear plate, the assemblage of nuclear fibrils in 

 the equator of a nucleus during the division of the 

 latter. 



Nucleus, (1) of starch-grain, same as hilum ; (2) of 

 an o\'ule, an old term for nucdlus\ (3) the cell- 

 nucleus, a specialized portion of the protoplasm 

 of a cell exhibiting remarkable figures during divi- 

 sion and presiding over the chemical processes that 

 take place in the ceU. 



Nut, a hard, indehiscent, 1-seeded fruit resulting 

 from a polycarpellary ovary. 



Nutation, spontaneous changes in position of growing 

 organs ; a kind of oscillation or regular movement 

 in parts of plants. 



Obovate, ovate with the broader end at the apex, 

 Omphalodium, the scar at the hilum of a seed. 

 Ontogeny, the history of the indiWdual development 



of an organized being. 

 Oogonium, the cell in which the female sexual cell 



or cells are produced; especially amongst Thallo- 



pliytes. 

 Oophyte, that stage in the life-cycle of a plant which 



bears the sexual organs. 

 Ooplasm, the substance of which the female sexual 



cell consists. Not a good term. 

 Ooplast, the female sexual cell. Xot a very good 



term. 

 Oospore, a fertilized egg-cell. 

 Operculum, the lid of a Moss capsule. 

 Order, a division of plants intermediate between class 



and genus, consisting usually of a group of genera 



related to one another by structural characters 



common to all. Same as familij as used in this 



book. 

 Orthostichies, vertical ranks of leaves. Cf. vol. i. 



p. '■Vil. 

 Orthotropous, applied to an ovule with straight 



nucellus wherein the micropyle is at a point far 



removed from the funicle. 

 Osmosis, the tendency of fluids to pass through 



porous membranes; the phenomena attending the 

 passage of fluids through porous membranes. 



Ostiole, the aperture of the conceptacle in the 

 Fucaceffi. 



Ovary, the part of the pistil that contains the ovules 

 or immature seeds ; the closed chamber-like portion 

 of a single free carpel, or the many chambers of 

 several united carpels in wliicli the ovules are 

 produced. 



Ovule, in Phanerogams is the macrosporangium or 

 nucellus with its integuments, and containing the 

 embryo-sac. The ovule is the immature seed. 



Ovuliferous scale, the ovule-bearing scale of Conifers. 



Palaeo-botany, Fossil botany. 



Palate, a projection in the throat of a personate 



coroUa (or corolla such as that of the Sna|idragon). 

 Palea, the inmost of the glumes which inclose the 



individual flowers of Grasses; a chaffy scale or 



chaff-Uke bract. 

 Palisade-cells, the green assimilating tissue, consist- 

 ing of cylindrical cells, usually found towards the 



upper surface of the leaf -blade. 

 Palmate (of leaf-blades), lobed so that the projections 



radiate from the point of insertion. 

 Panicle, a loose branched cluster of flowers. Not 



appUed very strictly. 

 Papilionaceous, like a butterfly: a term applied to 



the corolla of a section of Leguminosae, including 



the Pea and Bean, &c. 

 Papilla, a minute nipple-shaped projection. 

 Papillose, bearing papUliE. 

 Pappus, the hairy or feathery development of the 



calyx of a Composite plant, which promotes dis- 

 persal by wind ; thistle-down or the Uke. 

 Parallelodromous. See vol. i. p. 634. 

 Paraphyses, sterile filaments accompanying the 



sexual organs in Mosses, the asci and basidia of 



Basidiomycetes, and in other cases. 

 Parasite, a plant which lives upon and obtains or- 

 ganic nutriment from the tissues of a living plant 



(or animal), 

 Parastichies, secondary spirals in the arrangement 



of leaves. 

 Parenchyma, usually thin-walled tissue consisting of 



cubical or polygonal cells, and forming the pulp of 



leaves, fruits, &c. 

 Parthenogenesis, the development of an egg-cell 



into an embryo without fertilization taking place. 

 Parthenogonidia, certain reproductive cells in a 



Volvox-colony which propagate the plant asexually. 

 Partite, cleft, but not quite to the base. 

 Patelliform, disc-shaped ; circular with a rim. 

 Pedate venatibn. See vol. i. p. 633. 

 Pedicel, an ultimate flower-stalk bearing a single 



flower. 

 Pedunculus, or Peduncle, a general flower-st.alk 



bearing either a single flower or a closely-crowded 



cluster of flowers. 

 Peltate, shield-like: said of leaves when the petiole is 



attached to the under surface of the blade and not 



to the margin. 

 Perfoliate, appearing as if perforated by a stem: 



said where a stem is so embraced by a leaf that the 



former seems to pass through the latter. 

 Perianth, the floral envelopes, consisting of calyx or 



corolla, or both : used especially when it is not ea.sy 



to distinguish between them. 



