938 



INDEX. 



Chara fragiÜB, stnicture and reproduction, 



ii. 660. 

 Cham rudis. great lime accuimilator, i. 200. 

 Chara steliigera. starch stars, ii. 660. 

 Characeaj, i. 424; U. 606. 



— apical-cell, division, i. 578. 



— fossil, fruits, ii. 661. 



— lime deposition, strengthening, i. 425 



— structure and reproduction, ii. 659. 

 Characium, natiire of, ii. 639. 

 Charak'S. ii, 659. 



CheilanLlius odora, rolling up of frond, i. 314. 

 Oheiranthus Cheiri, possible cause of doub- 

 ling, ii. 554. 



scent, ii. 201. 



vitality of spermatopla-sm, ii. 96. 



Chelidonium, autogamy, ii. 341. 



— ovary, ii. 76. 



Chelidonium majua, caruncle, ii. 425. 



epiphylloua buds, ii. 43. 



latex, i. 470. 



Chemical aflSnity, i. 58. 

 Chenopodiaceie, ii. 468. 



— andrcecium, ii. 750. 



— embryo. Ü. 422 



— exatipulate, ii. 749. 

 Chenopodium Bonus-Henricus, i. 450. 

 Chenopodium Quiiioa, endosperm, ii. 750. 

 Cherleria sedoides, nectaries, ii. 176. 

 Chermes, parthenogenesis, ii. 464. 

 Chermes abietis. and gall formation, ii. 534. 



544. 551. 

 Cherry, Dwarf. See Prujim Cfuimcecerasus. 



— protection, ii. 446. 

 Cherry-gum, source, i. 458. 

 ChervU. See ChcErophyllum. 

 Chestnut. See Castanea. 



Chickweed, common. See Stellaria media. 

 Chili Pine. See Araucaria imbricata. 

 Chinese, and artificial crossing, ii. 555. 



— galls, ii. 535. 



— Primrose. See Primula sinensis. 



— Tree of Heaven. See Ailanthus olandu- 



losa. 

 Chirita sinensis, epiphylloua buds. ii. 43. 

 Chironomus and Aristolochia Olematitis, ii. 



244. 



— and Arum Italicura, ii. 165. 

 Chitinous insects, protection against, ii. 237. 

 Chives. See A Ilium Scfuenoprasum. 

 Chlamydomonadeae, description, ii. 628. 

 Chlaraydomonas, reproduction, ii. 629. 



— vacuoles of swarm-spore, i. 30. 

 Chlamydospore and teleutospore, ii, 684. 

 Chlamydospores, in Hemiasci, ii. 674. 



— nature of, ii. 685. 



— of Ascomycetea, ii. 676. 



— of Heraibasidii, ii. 674. 



— of Mucor, ii. 673. 

 Chlorangium, life-cycle, ii. 636. 

 Chloranthy. See Antholysit. 

 Chlorenchyma. of switch-plants, i. 331. 



— transpiring tissue, i. 278. 

 Chlorine, i. 83. 



— in ash of plants, i. 66. 

 Chlorocbytrium Lemuie, habitat, life-history, 



ii. 637. 

 Chlorophycese. ii. 606. 



— alliances of, ii. 620. 



— biological importance, il. 627. 



— description, ii. 627. 



— reproduction, ii. 628. 

 Chlorophyll, i. 460. 



— absence not essential character of sapro- 



phytes, i. 103. 



— and depth of water, i. 387. 



— and light, i. 391; ii. 510. 



— distribution in niesophyll, 1. 279. 



— fluorescence and function, i. 519. 



— in aerial roots, i. 754. 



— In Alg^B. i. 375. 



— in cotyledons, i. 622. 



— in cotyledons aud endosperm of Mistletoe, 



i. 206. 



— in relation to saprophytism. i. 102. 



— in roots, i. 766. 



— iron necessary for formation of, i. 67. 



Chlorophyll, modus operandi, i. 379. 



— presence in all memliers, i. 375. 



— properties, composition, asli, theories 



about, i. 372. 



— protection, i. 390- 

 Chloropbyll-corpuscles, action on carbonic 



acid, i. 60. 

 and decomposition of carbonic acid, &c., 



i. 63, 465, 371. 



and streaming protoplasm, i. 34. 



arrangement, i. 375. 



changes in autumn leaves, i. 486. 



composition and activity, i. 430. 



function, general considerations, i. 377. 



— — in motile protoplasts, i. 30. 



in protonema of Luminous Moss, i. 385. 



movements, i. 380. 



of Floridea). i. 390. 



protean properties, i. 381. 



shape, &c.. i. 42. PI. I. 



situation in cell, shape, multiplication, 



number, i. 371, 373. 



starch-grains in, i. 459. 



Chlorophytum comosum, vegetative propa- 

 gation, ii. 820. 



(Jhoiera, i. 162. 163, 265, 506. 



Cholera Bacterium. See SpirochrrAe cholerce 

 asiaticcE. 



Chondrilla, geitonogamy, ii. 319. 



Chondrioderma ditforme. life-liistory, i. 572. 



Christiania, time of flowering, i. 518. 



Chromatophore, behaviour in Mougeotiace», 

 ii. 658. 



— fate in male gamete of Spirogyra, ii. 658. 



— of Chlamydomouas, ii. 629. 



— of Hydrodictyon, ii. 640. 



— of Pediastrum, ii. 639. 



— reduction in male gametes, ii. 633. 

 Ghromatophores of ConjugatK, ii. 654. 



— of Desmids, ii. 655. 



— of Dinoflagellata, ii. 625. 



— of Spirogyra, ii. 654. 

 Chroococcaceaj, as lichen-algae, U. 692. 



— characteristic genera, ii. 621. 

 Chroococcus, alga of Cora, ii. 695. 

 Chroococcuscinnamomeus,brick-redpatcbes, 



i. 105. 



Chroolepideffi, symbionts of Lichens, dis- 

 persal, i. 246. 



Chrysanthemum and ancient crossing, i. 555. 



Chrysanthemum Leucanthemum, eflfect of 

 mutilation, ii. 517. 



Chrysobalanua, flower, ii. 293, 779. 



Chrysosplenium, dehiscence of pollen-sacs, 

 ii. 92, 



Chrysosplenium altemifolium, autogamy, ii. 

 379. 



Chytrideie, microscopic parasites, i. 169. 



— selection of host, i. 171. 

 ChytridiacejB, ii. 606, 668. 



— characters, ii. 671. 



— sporangia and spores, ii. 17. 

 Chytridium Olla, life-history, i. 170. 

 sporangia, &c.. ii. 17. 



swarm-spore development, ii. 669- 



Cibotium, protection of sporangia, ii. 13. 

 Cicada and cuckoo-spit, ii. 490, 544. 

 Cichorium, protection of pollen, ii. 114. 

 Cichorium Intybus, latitude and closing, ii. 



217. 218. 

 Cicuta virosa, absorptive cells of, i. 91. 

 Cider, i. 507. 

 Cilia, fate of, i. 31. 



— of Bacteria, ii. 623. 



— of swarm-Bpores, ii. 17. 



— of Vaucheria clavata, i. 24. 



— sorts of, i. 29. 



— vibratile, function of, i. 57. 

 Cilissa, sheltering in flowers, ii. 163. 

 Cimicifuga, colouredstamen-filanients,ii. 183. 



— nectaries, ii. 179. 

 Cimicifuga foetida, scent, ii. 202, 

 Cinchona, capsule, ii. 431. 



— seed. ii. 423. 

 Cincinnus, i. 738. 



Cinclidotus riparius, as mud-collector, i. 

 267. 



Cinnamomum.dehiscenceof pollen-8acB,ii.93. 



— fossU. i. 636. 



— protection of pollen, ii. 124. 



— venation, i. 629. 

 Ciimamomum Zeylanicum. ii. 752. 

 Ciuuamyl-alcohol, scent, ii. 200. 

 Cinnyridai, and transference of i>ollen, iL 247. 

 CinquefoiL See PotentUla. 



~- Marsh. See Comarum palustrc. 

 Cinquefoilfl, vernation, i. 350. 

 Circ;i/a, pollen-grains, ii. 99, 101, 102. 

 Clrcioa alpina, absorptive cells and food- 

 absorption, i. 114. 



autogamy, ii. 343, 344. 



flower, ii. 236. 



fruit, ii. 343. 



habitat, i. HO. 



inflorescence and flowers, ii. 343. 



pollen -grains, ii. 98. 



tubers, ii. 796. 



Circsea Lutetiana. hooked fruit, ii. 871- 

 Circumnutation, nature of, i. 684. 

 Cirrhus foliaris, Ac. i. 692, 694. 

 Cirsium. distribution of sexes, ii. 299. 



— hybrids, ii. 558. 585. 



— imperfect flowers, ii. 294. 



— results of various crossings, ii. 560. 



— spinose leaves, i. 438. 



— variation in hybrids, ii. 593. 



Cirsium atflne, vegetative propagation, ii. 

 459. 



Cirsium aquilonare, hybrid, ii. 560. 



Cirsium arvense, and bud-galls of Urophora 

 cardui, ii. 543. 



aud Puccinia suaveolens, ii. 525. 



&c., scent, ii. 202. 



shade and growth, ii. 506. 



Cirsium Erisithales and C. palustre, hybrids, 

 ii. 559. 



Cirsium heterophyllum and C. canum. two- 

 coloured leaves, habitat, i. 293. 



and C. oleraceum, hybrid between, ii. 



459. 



and C. spinosissimuni, hybrid from, ii. 



459. 



Cirsium Linkianum, ii. 560. 



Cirsium nemorale, i. 436. 



deciduous plumes, ii. 860. 



pollen-grains, ii. 99. 



Cirsium ochroleucum, hybrid, ii. 560. 



Cirsium oleraceum and C. heterophyllum, 

 hybrids, ii. 559. 



Cirsium Pannonicum aud C. Erisithales, hy- 

 brids, ii. 559. 



Cirsium purpureum, vegetative propagation, 

 Ü. 458. 



Cirsium spinosissimum, i. 450. 



coloured bracts, ii. 183. 



Cirsium tatarieum, hybrid of C. canum x C. 

 oleraceum. ii. 586. 



Cissus, anthocyanin, i. 484. 



— host of Rafflesias. i. 200. 



— tendrUs, i. 694, 697. 699. 



— plants, used as vegetable springs, i. 271. 

 Cissus Veitchil See Vitis inconslaits. 

 Cistus, sestivation, ii. 210. 



— conducting tissue for pollen-tubes, ii. 410. 



— duration of flowers, ii. 214. 



— hairs, i. 323. 



— hybrids, ii. 584. 



— nectarless, ii. 167. 



— protection of pollen, ii. 124. 



— shrubs, hosts of Cytinus Hypocistus, i. 



204. 



— sticky forms, ii. 235. 



Cistus Clusii, &c., varnish-like coating, i. 312. 

 Cistus Creticus, opening and closing, ii. 213. 

 Cistus laurifolius, vamish-Iike coating, i. 312. 

 Citric acid, i. 463. 



in Nepenthes pitcher, i. 135. 



Citron, oil of, ii. 203. 



— of Florence. See Citrxis niedica. 



— scent, ii. 203. 



Citrus, buds on leaf-cuttings, ii. 43. 

 ■ - hybrids, ii. 569. 



— receptacle, i. 746. 

 Citrus medica, ii. 569. 



