INDEX. 



947 



Eiiphorhiace». phyllocladoua, i. SH. 



— spiues, i. 446. 



— staminal filaments. iL 88. 



— stiuging h&'m, i. 441. 



Euphrasia, abuudance iu mountniuous dis- 

 tricts, i. 173. 



— geogruphical tlistribution, i. 176. 



— iojuo' to pastures, i. 179. 



— parasitic, i. 17G, 243. 



— protection of iMilleu from wet, ii 110. 



— variability of tloral colour, ii. 569. 



— veualiüu. i. G31. 



Euphrasia minima, autot;amy, ü. 253. 351- 



Eupbmsia officinalis, sbeltehug of pollen, ii. 

 109. 



Euphrasia Rostkoviana,&c.,coroUa and auto- 

 gamy, ii. 366. 



Euriops, pericarp mucilage, i. 615. 



European liaues, i. 670. 



Eurotium, i. 263, 677. 



— fermentative action, i. 508. 



— mycelium and reproductive orpans, ü. 679. 

 Euryangium Sumbul, geographical distribu- 



tiou, fiowcring, i. 745. 



mechanical tissue arrangement, i. 730. 



musk-scented leaves, ii. 199. 



Evaporation, iu plants, general considera- 

 tions, i. 226. 



Evax. hairiness, i. 317. 



Evergreen leaves, preparation for resting 

 period, i. 485. 



Evergreens, cuticle usually thick, i. 310. 



Evolution, discussion on, ii. 609. 



— of plants and classification, Ii. 607. 

 Ex-albuminous, applied to seed, ii. 421. 

 Excoriation of capitate cells during imbibi- 

 tion of water, i. 229. 



Excretion, by discoid glands, of Alpine Rose, 

 i. 232. 



— from water-absorbing apparatus of Aspen, 



i. 238. 

 Excretions, viscous, of carjophyllaceous 



plants, i. 461. 

 Exidia, appearance, i. 112. 

 Existence, struggle for, ii. 600. 

 Exoascace^e, description, ii. 676. 

 Exoascus Alni-incame, galls, ii. 523. 

 Eioascus amentonim. See E. Atni-incance. 

 Exoascus Carijini and Witches' Brooms of 



Hornbeam, ii. 527, 676. 

 ExoascuB Ceraai, and Prunus, ii. 527. 

 Exoascus deformans, and "curl" disease, ii. 



524, 676. 

 Exoascus epiphyllus, and Alous incana, 11. 



527. 

 Exoascus insititiEe on Prunus insititia, ii. 527. 

 Exoascus Pruni, and pocket-plum, ii. 524, 670. 

 ExoascuB turgidus, and Betula verrucosa, 11. 



527. 

 Exobasidese, hosts, ii. 688. 



— hymenium, ii. 688. 

 Exobasidlum, gall-formation, ii. 519. 

 Exobaaidium Lauri. ii. 521, 688. 

 Exobasidium Khododendri, ii. 688. 

 Exobasldium Vaccinii. ii. 526. 688. 



gall-formation, ii. 520. 



Exocarpus, switch-plant, i. 330. 

 Exogamy, nature of. ii. 647. 

 Exogense, of De CandoUe, ii. 603. 

 Exoemoslfl. See Osmotis. 



Exostemma longiflorum, flowers after pol- 



linatioD. ii. 222. 

 Exotbecium, of anther. U. 94. 

 Experiments, cultural, difficulties of, iL 613. 



— questiona addressed to nature, i. 18. 

 Explosive apparatus for pollen dlsi>ersal, U. 



260, 264. 265. 266, 267, 269. 

 Exposure, and opening of Üowere, ii. 219. 

 Expiilsive-fruits, range of, ii. 839. 

 Extinction, incomplete, ii. 902. 

 Extine, of pollen-grain, U. 100. 

 Extrorse, of anther^ ii. 95. 

 Eyebright. See Euphrajria. 

 Eye-«pot, of Chlamydomonas, function, ti. 



629. 



— of Bpennatozold, ii. 62. 

 Eye-epots, of VoItoz, iL 635 



"Eyes", leaf characteristics of shoots from, 

 ii. 516. 



— of potato, i. 651. 



F. 



Fading of corolla and pollination, ii. 286. 

 Fagiw, i.263; ii. 761. 



— and galls of Hormomyia fagi, Ii. 537. 



— and Witches' Broom, ii. 527. 



— ash of leaves from different localities, i. 



69. 



— avoided by Mistletoe, i. 205. 



— bud-scales, i. 626. 



— cupule, ii. 434. 



— effect of grazing animals, i. 445. 



— fertilization porogamic, ii. 413. 



— host of Pilacre, ii. 687. 



— hybrids of, ii. 583. 



— niite-galls, ii. 529. 



— phyllotaxis. i. 399. 



— pollen -grains, ii. 99, 102. 



— pollination, ii. 133, 135. 



— protogynous, ii. 313. 



— root-tip with mycelial mantle, i. 250. 

 Fagus sylvatica. cotyledons, i. 621. 

 deciduous hairs, i. 354, 



dimensions, i. 722. 



fohage constant, i. 559. 



leaf-unfolding, i. 353. 



liberation of cotyledons, i. 613. 



normal and sucker leaves, ii. 515. 



vernation, i. 350. 



vertical range, i. 527. 



Fairy rings, ii. 792. 



Falcaria ravini, periodically pendulous 



umbels, i. 530. 

 Fall of leaf, i. 347. 

 Falling Stars. See Nostoc. 

 False Indigo. See Amorpha. 

 Families, mutual relationships, ii 605. 



— of flowering plants, number, ii. 604. 

 Family, subdivision of alliance, ii. 617. 

 Fan-palms, spines, i. 433; ii. 740. 

 Fasciation, due to gall-mites, ii. 549. 

 Fascicle, i. 738. 



Fascicled roots, i. 751. 

 Fat, in endosperm, ii. 421. 



— transformation, i. 601. 

 Father-plant, in hybridization, ii. 557. 

 Fats, 1. 216. 



— vegetable, functions and composition. 



i. 462. 

 Fatty acids, nature of, i. 463. 

 Favus, medical name for ringworm, i. 169. 

 Feather-foil. See Hottonia. 

 Feather-grass. See Stipa eapiltata. 

 Feather-grasses on a Russian Steppe, PI. 



VI. 

 Feather-leaved Palms, ii. 740. 

 Fegatella, receptacles, ii. 697. 

 " Fel de terra", i.e. earth-gall, native name 



of Lophophytum mirabile tubers, i. 196. 

 Felspar, i. 80. 83. 



— attacked by lichens, i. 257. 

 Felt, of hairs, i. 324. 



— tyite of community, ii. 889, 894. 

 Felt-galls, ii. 528. 529. 

 Felt-hairs, and animals, 1. 442. 



Felt-like mycelial mantle on Phanerogam 



roots, i. 249. 

 Fennel. See Fcmtculum. 

 Fenugreek. See Trigonella/anum-gracum. 

 Ferment action, hypothesis, i. 509. 

 of Bacteria, i. 162. 



— of Pinguicula, action on milk, i. 142, 143. 



— secreted by Drosera glands, i. 144. 

 Fenuentation, alcoholic, i. 506. 



— and enzymes, i. 464. 



— and Moulds, i. 507. 



— and respiration, mutual replacement, i. 



509. 



— and Saccharomyces, iL 684. 



— by Bacteria, i. 623. 



— nature of, L 505; ii. 519. 

 FermeDt-fuDgi, 1. 505. 



Ferments, nature, fimction, &c., i. 464. 

 Fern, life-cycle, ii. 476. 



— life-history, ii. 708. 



— young aporophyte, ii. 472. 

 Fern-leaves, membranous scales, i. 355. 

 Feru-prothallium, i. 88, 384; ii. 67. 472. 708. 

 Ferns, ii. 61. 



— alternation of generations, iL 472. 



— amphigonium, ii. 67. 



— antheridia. ii. 67. 



— apical cell, i. 579. 



— lis saprophytes, i. 100. 



— buds on fronds, ii. 39. 



— certain, which roll uj) their leaves, i. 314. 



— climate and distribution, ii. 457. 



— effect of strong light, i. 391. 



— fertilization, ii. 71, 475. 



— fossil, i. 636. 



— fronds and light, i, 413 



— fruit, ii. 7. 



— habitats, ii. 705. 



~ hybritis among, ii. 582. 



— not eaten by animals, i. 432. 



— on ground of wootls, i. 1U9. 



— on trees, i. 106. 



— Palseozoic, ii. 612. 



— propagation by offshoots, ii. 458. 



— — historical review, ii, S. 



— rarely attacked by parasitic fungi, i. 168. 



— rolling of young fronds, i. 348. 



— saprophytic, on steep rocks, i 108. 



— scent, ii. 615. 



— sori, ii. 11. 



— spore formation, ii. 10. 



— sporophyte, ii. 704. 



— stem, varieties of, ii. 476. 



— two generations distinct, ii. 474. 



— various, ii. 707. 



— wax on fronds, i. 292. 

 Ferraria, equitant leaves, i. 336. 

 Fertilization, ii. 415. 



— and mucilage in Ferns, ii. 68. 



— and order of blossoming, i. 739. 



— and origin of species, ii. 594. 



— and pendulous flowers, i. 530. 

 ~ changes initiated by, ii. 422. 



— conditions in Phanerogams, ii. 72. 



— essence of process, ii. 46. 



— essential difference between Cryi)lnganis 



and Phanerogams, ii. 418. 



— in Ferns, ii. 475. 



— in Flurideae, iL 60. 



— in Helianthemum marifoHum, ii. 411. 



— m Marsilia, Salvinla, and Selaginclla. iL 



69. 



— in Moulds, doubted, ii. 677. 



— in Mtiscineie, ii. 65. 



— in Peronosporeaj, ii. 669. 



— in Phanerogamia, iL 717. 



— of inclosed ooplast, ii. 54. 



— of Orchids, by Darwin, ii, 738. 



— resemblance in Muscineiu and Characeao, 



ii. 66. 



— twelve typical processes, ii. 48. 



— unsolved problems, ii. 415. 

 Fertilizing-tube of Peronospore«, ii. 56. 



of Saprolegniaceaj, ii. 484. 



Ferula, flowering, L 745. 



Ferulago, geitonogamy, ii. 325. 

 Fescue-grasses. Sec Fentuca. 

 Festuca, ii. 746. 



— and Lolium, hybridization, ii. 583. 



— leaf-closing, i. 340. 



— pollination, ii. 142. 



— stomata, i. 340. 



— vascular bundles of leaf, i. 343. 

 Festuca alpestris and cattle, L 436. 



leaf, section, L 342. 



Festuca alpina, bulbils, ii. 454. 

 Festuca arundinacea, barbs, i. 439. 

 Festuca nigrescens, anthocyanin in glumes, 



i. 522. 

 Festuca Porcii, leaf, section, i. 343. 

 FeBtuca punctoria, leaf, section, i. 345. 



stomata on upper leaf-surface, localixft* 



tlon of wax, i. 292. 

 Festuca ruplcaprina, bulbils, iL 451 



