948 



INDEX. 



Festuca vaginata. j. PI. VI. 



Featucas, poisonous, i. 341. 



Fibres, fleshy, of secdliug Orobanche, i. 185. 



Fibrils, nuclear, i. 581. 



FibriD. 1. 458. 



Fibrous bark, 1. 720. 



— layer, of anther, ii. 96, 

 Ficaceie, ii. 758. 

 Ficoidales, ii. 787. 

 Ficus, i. 193. 



— buds on aerial roots, ii. 28. 



— clasping roots, i. 702, 705. 



— clinging roots, i. 754. 



— flowers, ii. 159. 



— formerly considered parasitic, i. 159. 



— from chalk, ii. 613. 



— gall-flowers, ii. 160. 



— Indian species, climbing peculiarities, i. 



709. 



— inflorescence, receptacle and fruit-forma- 



tion, ii. 435. 



— insects and pollen, ii. 244. 



— latex, i. 470. 



— lattice-forming climbing roots, i. 711. 



— number of species, ii. 162. 



— pistil, ii. 160. 



— pollen-grains, ii. 97, 102. 



— protective stipules, i. 626. 



— relation to insects, ii. 159, 162. 



— roots form living bridges, ii. 758, 700. 



— synconium, ii. 159. 



Ficus Beujamina, incrusting climbing roots, 



i. 707. 

 Ficus carica and Blastopbaga grossorum, ii. 

 161. 540. 



gall-flowers, ii. 157. 



inflorescences, ii. 157. 



Ficus elastica, i. 755. 



inflorescence, ii. 160. 



roots, i. 756. 



Ficus Indica, stem and roots, i. 755. 

 Ficus nitida, roots, i. 757. 

 Ficus pumila, flowers, ii. 157. 

 Ficus religiosa, roots, i. 757. 

 Ficus scandens. leaf-mosaic, i. 420. 



uusymroetrical, unequal leavfs, i. 422. 



Ficus stipulata, climbing roots, i. 702. 



foliage, i. 70S. 



Field-mice and plants, i. 763. 



Field Pansy. See Viola arvcnsis. 



Fig. See Fictis. 



Figwort. See Scrophularia. 



Filago, hairiness, i. 317. 



Filago mixta and other hj'brids. U. 585. 



Filament of ovule, i. 644. 



— of stamen, i. 642; ii. 86, 83. 

 Filamentous cell-complex, i. 586. 

 Filaments, protoplasmic, in Latbrsea capitate- 

 cells, i. 136. 



prey capturing, i. 135. 



Filamentuni, i. 642. 



Filices. See Ferns. 



Filmy Ferns. See Hymenophyllacecn. 



Filtration of food-sap, from cell to cell, i. 270. 



" Fingers and Toes", cause of, ii. 522. 



Fir-tree, wood perforated by sinkers of 



Mistletoe, i. 209. 

 Fir-trees, curvature of branches, i. 416. 

 Firs. See Ahies and Picea. 

 Firs and Birches, struggle for existence, ii. 



514. 



— vertical range, i. 527. 

 Fission-fungi. See Schizomycetes. 

 Fissured bark, i. 720. 



Fistular leaf, i. 428. 



Flagella of Chlamydoraonas, ii. 629. 



— of Dinoflagellata, ii. 625. 

 Flagellaria Indica, tendrils, i. 692. 

 Flamingo Plant. See Anthurium Scher- 



zei-ianum. 



Fleabane. See Inula. 



Flecking, white, of leaves, cause of appear- 

 ance, i- 285. 



Flies and Empusa Muscse, i. 168; ii. 672. 



— and finely-marked petals, ii. 131. 



— and indoloid scents, ii. 207. 



— and scroll-galls, ii. 530. 



Flinty armour, i. 323. 



Floatation of fruits, ii. 847. 



Floating contrivances, i. 633. 



Flora, application of term by Linnffius, 1. 6. 



— Arctic, general absence of hairs, i. 316. 



— of north coast of Africa, spinose, i. 434. 



— of Spain, spinose, i. 434. 



— scope of term, ii. 1. 



— why rich in rock-cracks, i. 109. 



Flora der Provinz Brandenburg. Ascherson's 



& Braun's system, ii. 605. 

 Floral Biology, treatise by Loew, ii. 399. 

 Floral clock, Linnaeus's, ii. 215. 

 Floral leaves, i. 597. 



and fungal parasites, ii. 524. 



arrangement, ii. 73. 



division of labour, i. 645. 



nature and succession, i. 640. 



nectaries, ii. 176. 



Floral receptacle, meaning, i. 736, 746. 



— stem, adaptation to function, i. 749 



nature and parts, i. 736. 



Floras, ii. SS5. 



— migration of range, ii. 592. 



— of Lapland, Sweden, England, Piedmont, 



Camiola, Austria, &c.. 18th century, i.8. 



— the chief, enumerated, ii. 898. 



Florets, of Compositce, protection of pollen, 



Ü. 116. 

 Floride^, i. 161, 169. 246; ii. 606, 620. 



— absence of wood and stomata, i. 284. 



— alternation of generations, ii. 481. 



— as epiphytes, i. 77. 



— behaviour in distilled water, i. 78. 



— favourite habitat, i. 105. 



— fertilization and fruit-formation, i. 53. 61. 



— fossil remains, ii. 614. 



— fruit, ii. 7. 



— habits, i. 587. 



— luminosity, i. 388. 



— pigment, i. 388. 



— range, i. 390. 



— seasonal development, i, 563. 



— " sporangia" and spore-formation, ii. 22. 



— structure, i. 590. 



— tetraspores, ii. 24. 

 Flower, actinomorphic, ii. 229. 



— appUcation of term, i. 640. 



— double, ii. 80. 



— duties of, ii. 717. 



— female, of Cupressus, ii. 443. 



of Juniperus, ii. 442. 



of Finns PumiUo, ii. 722. 



— largest in world, i. 202. 



— lateral, i. 641. 



— of Rafflesia Padma. i. 203. 



— of Scybalium fungifonne, i. 189. 



— protandrous, ii. 307. 



— protogynous, ii. 307. 



— size and autogamy, ii. 396. 



— temperature variation, i. 502. 



— terminal, i. 641. 



— zygomorphic, ii. 229. 

 Flower-buds, respiratory heat, i. 498. 

 " Flower-dust ", ii. 85. 



" Flower fidelity" of insects, ü. 206. 

 Flower-opening, thermal constants, i. 559. 

 Flower-production and climatic conditions, 



ii. 474. 

 Flower-stalk, in fruit formation, ii. 435. 



origin, &c. i. 736. 



tendrils, i. 693. 



Flowering and elevation, i. 526. 



— and sunshine, ii. 474. 



— premature, caused by parasitic fungi, ii. 



525. 



— table of dates, i. 519. 



Flowering Ash. See Fraxinv^ Oi'nus. 

 Flowering axes, protective waxy coatings, ii. 



237. 

 Flowering Fern. See Osmunda Tegalig. 

 "Flowering Fungi", applied to Phalloideae, 



Ü. 691. 

 Flowering-rush. See Butcnrnts. 

 Flowers, alpine, colour of, ii. 198. 



— and animal visits, ii. 153. 



— and insects, i. 743. 



Flowers as insect shelters, ii. 163. 



— behaviour of perianth-leaves after fertili- 



zation, ii. 222. 



— cause of opening, ii. 219. 



— change of colour, i. 376. 



— classification according to sex, ii. 295. 



— cleistogamic, ii. 391, 392. 



— closing, ii- 215. 



— colour, ii. 182. 



— colour-contrasts, ii. 184. 189. 



— cross- fertilization, ii. 300. 



— double, and vegetative propagation, ii. 459. 

 long fresh, ii. 287. 



— duration, Ü. 214. 



— ephemeral, ii. 212. 



— gradations from hermaphrodite to uni- 



sexual, ii. 295. 



— heterostyled, ii. 302. 



— honey secreting, ii. 171. 



— imprisonment of insects, ii. 164. 



— incompletely dichoganious. ii. 309. 



— metamorphoses through gall-mites, ii. 548. 



— mutual accommodation, i. 743. 



— of Mosses, ii. 702. 



— of Orobanche, 1. 183. 



— opening and closing, ii. 116, 212, 215. 



— pendent, and insect visits, ii. 222. 



— periodic bending, i. 531. 



movements and protection of pollen, ii. 



120. 



— preservation through dryness, i. 262. 



— protection against snails and slugs, ii. 



233. 



by sticky glands, ii. 236. 



from loss of heat, i. 529. 



— seasonal coloiu'-curves, ii. 197. 



— size, ii. 185. 



and temperature, ii. 503. 



— structural correlation to insects, Ü. 152. 



— temperature within, i. 500. 

 Flowers of Tan. See Fuligo rarians. 

 "Flowers of the Sea", gas-vacuo!es, i. 389; 



ii. 621. 622. 

 Fluorescence, of chlorophyll solution, i. 372. 



— of erythrophyll, i. 388. 

 Fluorescing pigments, of plants, i. 379. 

 Fluorine, in plants, i. 68. 

 Fluviales, general characters, ii. 738. 

 Fly-agaric. See Agarkua muscarius. 

 Fly-catcher. See Drosophyllum luvitanicum. 

 Fly-trap. See Dionaa. 



Fcenicidum. foliage, i. 413. 



— geitonogamy, ii. 325. 



Foeuiculum aromaticum. schizocarp, ii. 427. 



Fbhn-wind, velocity, i. 525. 



Folding, of grass-leaves, i. 341, 342. 343. 345. 



~ of Moss-leaves, i. 346. 



Folia connata, i. 596. 



— decurrentia, i. 596. 



— perfoliata, i. 596. 



— sessilia, i. 595. 

 Foliaceous carpels, ii. 83. 



— Lichens, i. 245; ii. 694. 

 Fohage, sticky, ii. 236. 



— variety, cause of, i. 396. 



— wrinkled and grooved, i. 326. 



— young, and frost> i. 545. 



sensitiveness, i. 539. 



Foliage-leaf, variety of functions, i. 627. 

 Foliage- leaves, i. 597. 



position in relation to absorbent roots, 



i. 92. 



position relatively to horizon, i. 92. 



transitions from water-catching to 



animal-cat riling, i. 157. 

 Foliage-production, thermal constants, i. 



559. 

 Foliage-stem. i. 650, 655. 660, 710. 

 Foliar structures, ideas of origin, i. 8. 

 Folimn = leaf=leaf-blade, i. 596. 

 Folium fulcrans, i. 641. 

 Follicle, nature of, ii. 430. 

 Fontanesia, reserve-buds, ii. 33. 

 Fontanesia jasminoides. freezing, i. 546. 

 Fontinalis, aquatic Moss, ii. 704. 

 Food, conduction of, i. 269. 



— selective absorption by Fungi, i. 166, 167. 



