INDEX. 



949 



Food-absorption, by coral-like and tuberous 



caulotiies, i. 114. 



by Mildews, i. 166. 



by water, marsh. &c, plants, i. 75. 



general consideration of, i. 55. 



movements related to, i. 5ö. 



of Monotropa, i. 253. 



osmosis in, i. 59. 



similarity of, in Monlda, Toad-stools, 



and Diecomycetes, i. 163. 



theory of. i. 57. 



Food-gases, transmission, i. 367. 

 Food-material, gaseous, i. 367. 



ultimate destination, i. 371. 



Food-salts, absorption by water-planta, i. 78. 



absorption of, i. 67. 



accumulation in uppermost layers of 



earth, through action of plants, i. 259. 



application of term, i. 66. 



causa of movement, i. 72. 



conduction, L 513. 



dilute solutions best. i. 73. 



examples of selection by plants, i. 69. 



in liquid of water-receptacles, i. 242. 



raw, mechanics of movement, i. 269. 



theory of absorption, i. 85. 



transport, i. 366. 



Foot, of Acetabularia, ii. 647. 



— of Liverwort sporophyte, Ü. 696. 



— of young Fern sporophyte, ii. 475. 

 Force, due to growth and ice formation, i. 



517. 



— of growing cells, i. 513. 

 Forcing, of plants, i. 564. 

 Foreign poUen and stigma, ii. 404. 

 Forest flowers, characteristics, i. 655. 

 Forests, type of community, Ii. 837, 892. 

 Forget-me-not. See Myosotis. 

 Fork-mosses, White leaved. See Leucobryurtu 

 Form, in plants, on what it depends, i. 50. 

 Formic acid, i. 463. 



in Nepenthes pitcher, 1. 135. 



in stinging hairs, i. 441. 



ofEensive weapon of ants. ii. 233. 



Formic aldehyde, formation in assimilation, 



L456. 

 Formica exsecta, protection of Serratula, il. 



242. 

 Forsythia viridissima, Japan, reserve-buds, 



iL 32. 

 Fossil Palms, ii. 742. 



— plants, agents in preservation, ii. 612. 



ancestors of modem plants, Ii. 595 



and modem distribution, ii. 2. 



— Mosses, occurreoce, ii. 704. 



— Myxomycetes, ii. 619. 



— Vascular Cryptogams, cause of preserva- 



tion, ii. 612. 

 Fossores and Asclepiads, ii. 258. 

 Foster, discoverer of Balanophora fungosa, 



L190. 

 Foster-parent, selection of, by Orobaochese, 



i. 185. 

 Foster-root, of Lophophytum, i. 194. 

 Foster-soil, on trees, L 106. 

 Fourcroya, ii. 734. 



— cohering poUengrainÄ, ii. 97. 

 Foxglove. See Diifitalis. 



— force of root-pressure in. i. 273. 

 Fox-tail Grass. See Alopeeumu. 

 Fragaria, i. 708. 



— nectary, ii. 174. 



— persistent receptacle, ii. 435. 



— procumbent, i. 661. 

 pull of roots. L 767. 



— runner, i. 6&4. 



— specific scent«, it 488. 



Fragaria grandiflora. runner section, i. 735. 

 Fragaria vesca. fruit-ripening constant, L 559. 



vegetative proi>agation, ii. 801. 



FragiUoriaTirescens. ii. 626. 



Fragrrea obovata, lattice on palm-stem. L 681. 



supporting root«, structure, i. 761. 



France, South-west, plants with evergreen 



rolled leaves, i. 306. 

 Francisia eximia, leaf section, 1. 279, 285. 

 Fraugulins:, of Braun, ii. 605. 



Frankenla. habitat, extreme aridity of, i.237. 



— salt on leaves and stem, i. 236. 

 Frankia Alni. gall on Alnus roots, ii. 521. 

 Fraxinella. See Diclamnusfraxinclta. 

 Fraxinus, arrangement of foliage-leaves, i. 92. 



— bark, i. 720. 



— bud-scales, i. 626. 



— flowering, ii. 150. 



— leaf, grooved rachis, i. 232. 

 section, i. 232. 



peltate group of cells, i. 232. 



— pollarding, ii. 37. 



— pollination, ii. 133. 

 Fraxinus excelsior, age, i. 722. 



and gall of Diplosis Cotularia, ii. 534. 



dimensions, i. 722. 



distribution of sexes, ii. 298. 



&c., fasciation, ii. 549. 



fruit and seed, ii. 428. 



inflorescences and flowers, ii. 138. 



protogynous, ii. 312. 



Fraxinus nana, callus, ii. 30. 



Fraxinus omus. imperfect flowers, ii. 294. 



scent, ii. 200. 



Free cell-formation, nature of. i. 575. 

 Freezing of plants, i. 539. 

 modern views, i. 540. 



— protection from, i. 546. 



— theoretical considerations, i. 556. 

 Fritillaria and insect visits, ii. 222. 



— autogamy, ii. 332. 



— epiphyllous buds, ii. 43. 



— nectaries, ii. 177. 



— protection of pollen, ii. 118. 



— waxy coating, ii, 237. 



Fritillaria cirrhosa, &c., tendrils, i. 692. 

 Fritillaria imperialis, ii. 731. 



anther, ii. 90. 



bulb scales, i. 624. 



hermaphrodite and staminate flowers, 



ii. 297. 

 Fritillaria meleagris, duration of flowering, 



Ü. 213. 

 Frogbit. See Hydrockaris. 

 Frond, of Fern, characteristics, ii. 705. 



morphological value, ii. 12. 



functions, ii. 476. 



Frondosse, of Braun, ii. 605. 

 Frondose community, ii. 888. 893. 

 Frost, and leaf-fall, i. 359. 



— and young foliage, i. 545. 

 Frozen, gardeners' use of word, i. 356. 

 Fructification, of Fungi, colour, i. 165. 



— of Loranthus Europieus. i. 211. 

 Fruit, accessory structures, ii. 433. 



— and seed of Coniferae, ii. 441. 



— boring, i. 618. 



— botanical definition, ii. 47. 



— broad seuBe, ii. 6, 427. 



— green, i. 376. 



— of Dudresnaya, ii. 50. 



— of Erysipheu!, ii. 60. 



— of Ferns, ii. 68. 475. 



— of Fucua, ii. 53. 



— of Muacinese, ii. 66. 



— of Penicillium, ii. 60. 



— of Peronosporejf, ii. 56. 



— of Vaucheria, ii. 53. 



— ripening and allurement, ii. 446. 



— types of, ii. 427. 



Fruit- formation, essential conditions, ii. 70. 



in Aaiiorgillus and Penicillium, ü. 18. 



in Eurotium. ii. 679. 



Fruitful and unfruitful years, ii. 471. 

 Fruiting spike, of Arum maculatum, U. 742. 

 Frmt-production, result of interference witb, 



U. 453. 

 Friiit-ripening of Characese, ii. 62. 



of EquisctacetD, ii. 68. 



of Floridese, ii. 62. 



of Marsilia, Solvinia, and Selaginella, 



U. 69. 



of Muscinea;, ii. 64. 



thermal constants, i. 559. 



Fruit-sugars, formation, i. 465. 

 Fruits, aggregate and collective, it. 436. 

 FruiU and binls, 1. 463. 



Fruits and seeds of Conifer*, ii. 442, 443. 



— attachment to substratum, i. 615. 



— boring of. i. 619. 



— dry, subdivision, ii. 429. 



— indehiacent, ü. 427. 



— preservation through dryness, i. 262. 



— protection from desiccation, ii. 449. 



— size and weight, ii. 452. 



— so called of Ascomycctes, ii. 20. 



— witb cupulfs, ii. 435. 



— with modified receptacle or pedicel, ii. 



436. 



— with persistent receptacles, ii. 434. 

 Frullania, pitchers on leaves, i. 255. 

 Frullania dilatata, ii. 698. 



mode of adhering to bark, i. 106. 



Frustule, of Diatoms, ii. 625. 



Frutei, i. 715. 



Fruticose Lichens, ii. 694. 



Fruticulus, i. 715. 



Fucaceae, as host plant-s, i. 77. 



— characteristics, ii. 663. 



— reproductive protoplasts, ii. 50. 

 Fuchs (1501-15G6), i. 4. 



Fuchsia, flowers after pollination, ii. 286. 



— viscin of pollen-grains, ii, 101. 

 Fuchsia coceiuea, &c., scarlet flower, ii. 196. 

 Fucoideae, i. 169; ii. 60tj. 



— size compared to attachment, i. 78. 

 Fucus, fruit, ii. 53. 



— no alternation of generations, ii. 431. 



— oosphere and spermatozoids, i. 29. 



— structure, i. 590; ii. 51, 664. 

 Fucus vesiculosus, fertilization, ii. 52. 

 Fuligo varians, colour of, i. 32. 

 Fuller's Thistle. See Cirsium, 



Fumaria, behaviour to own and foreign 



pollen, ii. 407. 

 Fumaria claviculata, branch -tendrils, i. 694. 



— drupaceous nut, ii. 427, 429. 



— honey concealment, ii. ISO. 



— leaf-stalk tendrils, i. 692. 

 Fumaria oflBciualis, cotyledons, i. 621. 



flower, diadelphia, ii. 293. 



Funaria, hybrids, ii. 582. 



— spermatozoid, i. 29. 



Funaria hygrometrica, chlorophyll-granules, 

 change of shape, i. 381. 



Fxmction, double, of various plant mechan- 

 isms, i. 308. 



Fundameotum. See Hypocotyl. 



Fungal hyph», modes of growth, i. 589. 



Fungi, L 161; ii. 617, 620. 



— advantage of luminosity, i. 504. 



— as disintegrating agents, i. 99. 263. 



— at home, ii. PI. XIV. 



— characteristics, ii. 668. 



— division of Thallophyta, ii. 604. 



— effect on cells attacked, ii. 518. 



— ferment, i. 505. 



— fleshy, loss of bulk through loss of water, 



i. 216. 



— fossil remains, ü. 614. 



— hyphje in bark, i. 106. 



— of Lichen community, i. 244. 



— on ground of woods, i. 109. 



— parasitic alteration of form by, ii. 618. 

 cause of skin-diseaaefl, i. 168. 



extent of attack, i. 164. 



byphse of. i. 165. 



numbers on one host, localized attack, 



fitc, i. 163. 



— peat, unsuitable soil for, i. 102. 



— plasmoid, fet;ding of, i. 56. 



— rapid development of fructification, i. 117. 



— reason of abundance in woods, i. 252. 



— respiratory heat, i. 497. 



— saprophytic, i. 99. 



— Bpecific scent«, ii. 488. 



— variety of appearance, f. 110. 

 Fungus-flies, i. 504. 

 Fungus-galls, ii. 521. 



Fungus melitcnsts. apothecaries' name for 

 Cynomorium coccincum, i. 198. 



Fungus- mycelium, importance to roots of 

 plants, i. 250. 



Funiculus, of ovule, 1. 644; ii. 81. 



