INDEX. 



959 



Lichens, dissemination of spores, i. 246. 



— epiphytic, i. 77. 



formerly treated as parasit<?s. i. 159. 



— etching of marble pillar by, I. 257. 



— families of, ii. 693. 



— FohaceoHs, habit of, i. 244. 



— force of hyphal threads, i. 513. 



— formiug rings, ii. 793. 



— tVuticose, characteristics of, i. 245. 



— gelatinous, i. 244; ii. 694. 



— hyphiB and Alg;u, ii. 693. 



— on Loranthus, i. 213. 



— part played by constituent members, 



sensitiveness to cnrironment, &c., L 247. 



— soredia, ii. 24. 



— — dispersal, ii. 816. 



— substratum, ii. 493. 



— symbiotic nature, i. 244 ; ii. 682. 

 Life, cycle of, i. 2Ö4. 



— discussion of origin, ii. 597. 



— ever-interesting question of, i. 21. 

 Life-history of a Fern. ii. 476. 708. 



Light, affects geographical distribution, I. 

 3»4. 



— and anthocyanin, ii. 510. 



— and form of leaves, i. 430. 



— and <lirection of branching, i. 414. 



— and habit of plants, ii. 504. 



— and opening of flowers, ii. 219. 



— and position of leaves, i. 409. 



— and retardation of growth, ii. 407. 



— and seiual organs of Vaucheria, ii. 644. 



— avoiding tendrils, i. 699. 



— bright, effect on chlorophyll, ii. 511. 



— effect of varjing intensity, i. 381. 



— influence on formation of zoospores and 



gametes, ii. 632. 



— transformation into heat. i. 519. 

 Light-waves, length, i. 571. 

 Lignification, of hairs, i. 441. 



— use of, i. 474. 

 Lignin, formation, i. 458. 



Ligulatc florets and nocturnal radiation, L 

 530. 



of Composit», ii. 114. 



Ligulo, function in arundinaceous plants, i . 98. 



— of Grasses, i. 427 ; ii. 746. 



— of Isoetes, ii. 716, 717. 



— of Seiaginella, ii. 715. 



Ligustrum vulgare, dates of flowering, i. 519. 



Witches' Broom galls, iL 548. 



Lilac See Syringa vulijaris. 



Lilac scent, ii. 201. 



Liliacese, dehiscence of pollen-sacs, ii. 93. 



— geitonogamy in. ii. 325. 



— general characters, ü. 730. 



— incompletely protogynous genera, ii. 311. 



— polyembryony in, ii. 468. 

 Liliflore», hybrids among, ü. 583. 



— various, ii. 729. 



Lilioide«. distinctive characters, ii. 731. 

 Lilium, pollen-grains, ii. 99. 



— propagation, ii. 556. 



Lilium album, bulb scales, i. 624. 



cross-fertilization, ii. 301. 



duration of flowering, ii. 213. 



Lilium auratum. size of flowers, ii. 185. 

 Lilium butbifenim, bulbils, ii. 461. 



cross-fertilization, ii. 301. 



heterogamy advantageous, ii. 578. 



unfruitful artificial autogamy, ii. 406. 



Lilium candidum, dates of flowering, i. 519. 



flower-opening constant, i. 559. 



protection of pollen, ii. 119. 



Lilium CamioUcum, nectaries, ii. 176. 

 Lilium Cbalcedonfcum, nectaries, ii. 176. 

 Lilium croccum, absenco of vegetative pro- 

 pagation, ii. 461. 

 Lilium Martagon, bulb scales, i. 624. 



course of pollen-tubes, ii. 408. 



downward pixll of roots, i. 767. 



leaf- movements, i. 339. 



nectaries, ii. 176. 



protogynous, ii. 311. 



— — seed dispersal, ii. 447. 



stigma and germinating pollen-grains. 



ii. 409. 



Lilium Martagon, stonmta, t. 339. 



Lilium tigriuurn, stamen of green flower, ii. 

 86. 



Li ly-of-the- valley. See ConvaUaria mtijaUa. 



Linio. See Tilia. 



Lime, accumulation by snails and hydro- 

 phytes, solution and reprecipitation, i. 

 260. 



— amount formed by Potamogeton lucens, 



admixed mineral substances, i. 261. 

 Lime, bicarbonate, excretion by water- 

 absorbing organs, conversion into mouo- 

 rarboiiato, i. 234. 



— importance of, in nutrition, i, 67. 



Lime incrustation, and preservation of fossil 

 plants, ii. 612. 



in Char-a. ii. 6»J0. 



in Codiacea;, ii. 645. 



of Hydropliytes, i. 61. 



restrictive of transpiration, i. 313. 



— oxalate of. i. 42. 



— protective incrustation over absorption- 



cells in Saxifraga Aizoon, &c., i. 234. 



— protective incrustations on leaves, i. 235. 

 Limestone, corrosion by plants, i. 258. 



— humus on, ii. 499, 



— limits of vegetation, vertical, i. 527. 

 Limnanthemum, habit, i. 666. 



— protective isolation by water, ii. 234. 

 Limnobium molle, habitat, as omd-collector, 



i. 267. 

 Limosellaaquatica.sub-aqueousfertilization, 



ii. 391. 

 Linaria, festivation, ii. 211. 



— and mode of entrance of insects, ii. 210. 



— axillary buds, ii. 29. 



— cleistogamy, ii. 393. 



— honey concealment, ii. 180. 



— insect platform, ii. 228. 



— results of various crossings, ii. 5C0. 



— sheltering of pollen, ii. 110. 



— storing of honey, ii. 172. 



— variability of floral colour, ii. 569. 

 Linaria alpina. flower, ii. 180. 



Linaria cymbalaria, fading of flowers, i. 743. 



flowering and seeding, i. 53. 



Linaria geni.'^tifolia, ii. 560. 



Liuaria littoralis and L. minor, behaviour to 

 own and foreign pollen, ii. 407. 



Linaria Macedonica, capsule in dry and wet 

 weather, ii. 448. 



Linaria pallida, radical buds, ii. 28. 



Linaria striata and Linaria vulgaris, estab- 

 lished hybrid of, ii. 591. 



Linaria stricta, established hybrid, ii. 591. 



Liuaria vulgaris, and animals, i. 432. 



buds on hypocotyl, ii. 23. 



radical biids, ii. 28, 



Lindley, ii. 663. 



Lindaaya, protection of sporangia, ii. 13. 



Ling. See Cailnna vulyariH. 



Linnsa lK>realis, cross- fertilization in, ii. 301. 



flower, ii. 236. 



scent, ii. 201. 



sticky bracts, ii. 8W. 



Linnajus and hermaphrodite flowers, ü. 300. 



— definition of a species, ii. 486. 



— floral clock, ii. 215. 



— on varieties, in Philosopbia Botanica, ii. 



514. 



— (1707-1778), revolutionizes the study of 



botany, i. 5. 



— system of claasiflcation, i. 6; ii. 601. 

 Linnean system and Goethe, ii. 287. 



claasea 11, 12. 17, 21, ii. 293. 



classes 13, 14. 15, 16, 18, 20, ii. 292. 



first ten class, ii. 289. 



table of classes, ii. 288. 



Linum, heterostylism, ii. 399. 



— seed cement, i. 615. 



Linum catharticum, opening and closing, ii. 



220. 

 Linum grandiflorum, withering of corolla 



and pollination, ü. 286. 

 Linum percnne, opening of flower, ii. 212. 

 Linum tenuifolium, recurrent opeoiDg, ii. 



213. 



Liiunn usitatissimum, cluster-gall» on, ii. 547. 



non-adaptability, i. 393, 



Linum viscosum, duration of flowering, ii. 

 213. 



guides to honey, ii. 249. 



Liquidambar, pistillate flower, moncecia, ii. 

 293. 



— staminato tlower, monujcia, ii. 293. 

 Liquorice. See Qlycyrrhtza. 

 Liriodendron, fossil, i. 636. 



— protection of pollen, ii. 124. 

 Liriodendron tulipifera, leaf -unfolding, L 



352. 



pollen-grains, ii. 99. 



protective stipules, i. 626. 



stipules, i. 351. 



Liatera, in sect- visitors, ii. 256. 



— labellum, ii. 254. 



Listera ovata, allurement of insects, ii. 206. 

 Lithium in plants, i. 68. 

 Lithophytcs, i. 267. 



— absorption of carbonic acid, i. 367. 



— dust-catchers, i, 82. 



— heat resistance, i. 554. 



— rapid water surrender, i. 555. 



— source of food salts, i. 79. 



— what include, i. 50. 



— whence obtain ammonia, i. 65. 



— whence obtain carbonic acid, i. 61. 

 Lithospermum, protogynous, ii. 311- 

 Lithospermum arvense, autogamy, ii. 332, 



protogynous, ii. 310. 



Lithospermum purpureo-coeruleuni, stolons, 



i. 663. 

 Lithothamneae, lime deposition and resis- 

 tance, i. 425, 

 Lithothamnia, as marine lime -accumulators, 



i. 261. 

 Littorelia lacustris, offshoots, ii. 456. 



resemblance to Isotftes lacustris, ii. 717. 



Liverworts. See Hepatica. 



Livia Juncorum, galls on Juncus, ii. 547. 



Lizard Orchis. See Orchis Jiirciria. 



Loasacese, stinging hairs, i. 441. 



Lobelia Dortmanni, resemblance to Isoetes 



lacustris, ii. 717. 

 Lobelia splendens, scarlet flower, ü. 196. 

 Lobeliaceae. ii. 767. 



Lobularia nummularia, autogamy, ii. 339. 

 Lobularia nummularirefolia, flowers and 



young fruits, ii. 184. 

 Locust-bean, fruit of Ceratonia Siliqua, ii. 



535. 

 Lodicule. of GramineBB, ii. 746. 

 Lodoicea Sechellarum, fruit, ii, 452, 740. 

 Loew, E., BUK en biologische Floristik, ii. 



399. 

 LogauiaceEB, ü. 771. 

 Loiseleuria, geographical distribution, i. 302. 



— rolled leaves, i. 302, 



Loiseleuria. See also AzaUa procumbens. 

 Lonicera and Hawk-moths, ii. 207. 



— and insect visits, ii. 223. 



— cyme, i. 738. 



— nectaries, ii. 177. 178. 



— opening of flower, ii. 212. 



— pollen-grain, ii. 100. 



— twining stem, i. 681. 



— twisting of inteniodea, i. 417. 

 Lonicera alpigena, flower -opening constant, 



i. 559. 



nectary, ü. 178, 



pollen deposition, ii. 278. 



Lonicera caprifolium, dextrorse twining, i. 



685. 



nocturnal perfume, ii. 208. 



opening of flower, ii. 211. 



scent, ii. 201. 



scent and Sphinx Convolvuli, ii. 208. 



— — twining, i. 689, 



Lonicera ciliosa, example of non-parasitic 



creeper, i. 160. 

 Lonicera coerulea, cyme, i, 746. 



reserve-budfl, ii. 32. 



Lonicera Etmsca, flower, ü, 227. 



nocturnal perfume, ii. 208. 



Lonicera tragraDtissima, reserve-buds, ii. 33. 



