INDEX. 



965 



Orchids, depth of tuberout« roots, i. 552. 



— embryo dotachment« ii. 450. 



— epiphytic i. 77. 



protective function of watcr-abaorbing 



laj-ers in tlrought^ i. 223. 



roots, clainp-ctills, i. 220. 



double function of, i. 220. 



— cxiiulsive api>anitus foriwUeu-transfer. ii. 



269. 



— fiour-like conting on lip. ii. 169. 



— good and bad flowering years, ii. 472. 



— great variety, ii. 73S. 



— hybrid flower colour, ii. 567. 



— labelluui. ii. 253. 



— leaf-bud, emergence from soil, i. f !0. 



— light seeds, ii. 851. 



— mode of atlhering to bark. i. 107. 



— nectaries, ii. 176. 



— opening of flowers, ii. 212. 



— origin of nucellus, ii. 84. 



— poUcD ret«ntiuD, ii. 283. 



— pollen-sacs. ii. 90. 



— roots, adventitiotis, i. 75L 

 aerial, i. 753. 



origin, i. 771. 



— saprophytic on steep rocks, i. 108. 



— structure of flower, ii. 253, 736. 



— sugar crystals, ii. 172. 



— terrestrial, downward pull of roots, i. 767. 

 roots, i. 760. 



— tropical, chlorophyll in roots, i. 375. 



epiphytic thick cuticle, L 309. 



nature of scents, ii. 199. 



— twisting of ovary, ii. 224. 



— venation, i. 634. 



— West Indian. PL XIII. 



— whose stomata lie in hollow tubercles, i. 



300. 



— withering of perianth and poUinution, ii. 



286. 

 Orchis, pollen deposition and retention, iL 



2a4. 



— spur of labellum, ii. 255. 



— variability of floral colour, ii. 569. 

 Orchis bircina, scent, iL 202. 

 Orchis mascula. alluring spur, iL 171. 

 Orchis pallens, scent, ii. 2U2. 



Orders, of flowering plants, number, ii. 604. 

 Organic acids, function, L 463. 



— compounds, multiplicity of, i. 455. 



primary, formation of. i. 455. 



sources of, in water, i. 100. 



— material, synthesis of, i. 378. 



— matter, absorption of. i. 99. 



small amount required by most sapro- 

 phytes, i. 117. 



— remains found in water-receptacles, L 242. 



— substances in clear springs, i. 101. 

 Organization, complexity, and higher de- 

 velopment, ii. 598. 



Organs, change of function, i. 450. 



— elementar>' early ideas of, i. 14. 



— for removal of substances, i. 471- 



— reduced, question of utility, L 747. 



— reproductive, protection from loss of 



heat, i. 529. 



— similarity of function and similarity of 



structure, ii. 615. 

 Origanum, distribution of sexes, ii. 298. 

 Orlaya, peripheral flowers, ii. 186. 

 0^^aya grandiflora, booked fruit, ii. 873. 



inflorescence, ii. 184. 



Omithogalum, colour of flower, ii. 183. 



— epiphyllous buds, ii. 43. 



— nectaries, ii. 175. 



— rolled leaves. L 348. 



— stomata, position of. i. 348. 

 Omithogalum nutans, ovary and fertiliza- 

 tion, ii. 415. 



staminal stipules, iL 89. 



Omithogalum umbellatum, leaf-bod. emer- 

 gence from soil, i. 640. 



■ protection of pol'en, ii. 113. 



protogynous, ii. 311. 



Orobanchaceae, iL 771. 



— embryo, &c., i. 184. 



— eatabilshment ou host, L 184. 



Orobanchacoio, feature« used for classifica- 

 tion, i. 186. 



— general resemblance to Orchidem, i. 184. 



— geographical distribution, &c., i. 186. 



— germination, i. 750. 



— polleu-sprinkling api)nnit>'s in, iL 271, 

 Orobanche, embryo, i. 596. 



— former view reganling, i. 185. 

 Orobanche caryophyllacea, ftc., scent, ii. 201. 

 Orobanche Epithymum, germination, i. 173. 

 Orobus, keel movements and pollen brush, 



ii. 252. 

 Orobus Pannonicus, roots, i. 760. 

 Orubiia veuetus. floral change of colour, ii. 



191. 

 Orobus vemus, elevation and coloration, ii. 

 511. 



seed dispersal, iL 835. 



Orpine. See Seilnm Telephinm. 

 Orthostichies, of leaves, L 397. 



— relation to divergence, L 403. 

 Orthotricbum, hybrids, ii. 583. 

 Orthotrichum fallax, mode of adhering to 



b;irk. i. 106. 

 OrthotropouB ovule, i. 644. 

 Orj'za clandestina, venation, i. 633. 

 OscUlaria, movement of, i. 39. 

 Oscillaria tenuis, verdigris-coloured films, i. 



105. 

 Oscillarias and heat, L 554. 

 Oscillatoriea;, circular movements, i. 684. 

 Osier Willow. See Salix viminatis. 

 Osmia, pollen brush, iL 168. 

 Osmosis, nature of, L 59. 

 Osmunda regalis, frond, iL 476. 



sporangia, ii. 12. 



Osmundacete, characteristics, iL 709. 

 Ostracoda, resemblance of Utricularia 



bladders to, L 122. 

 Ostrj'a, cupule, ii. 435. 



— mode of fertilization unknown, ii. 413. 



— venation, L 631. 



— vernation, i. 350. 



Ostrja carpinifolia, isolated colonies, i. 528. 



wind-dispersal, ii. 848. 



Ousting of plants by other plants, i. 268. 

 Outline of classification, ii. 617. 

 Ouvirandra fenestralis, Madagascar, ii. 738. 

 Ovaries, classification, ii. 75 et seq. 

 Ovaries, Phanerogamic, ii. 73. 

 Ovary and antholysis, ii. 79. 



— discussion of structure, ii. 78 et seq. 



— inferior, nature of, iL 79. 



— in Orcbidaccae, ii. 253. 



— nature and modifications, L 642. 



— of Colocasia antiquorum, ii. 742. 

 Over-transpiration, prevention of in Grasses, 



i. 344. 

 Ovule, a macrosporangium, ii. 478. 



— chalazogamic fertilization in Can^inus, 



ii. 412. 



— homology, ii. 717. 



— morphological considerations, L 643. 



— morphological value, ii. 84. 



— of Gymnosperms, ii. 418. 



— parts of, i, 644. 



— sorts of, i. 644. 



— structure, ii. 80, 416. 



— transformation into tuber or bud, Ii. 469. 

 Ovules, ii. 83. 



— and nocturnal radiation, L 529. 



— arrangement on carpels. L 644. 



— attraction for pollen-lubes, ii. 414. 



— of Cycads, ii. 720. 



Ovuliferous scale, of Abietineai, ii. 721. 



of Pious sylvestris and other Conifers, 



iL 441. 



— shoot of Taxus. iL 442. 

 Oxalate of lime, formation, i. 458. 



Oxalic acid, combination with calcium, L 67. 



function, L 458, 463. 



Oxalidaceie, cleistogamy in, iL 393. 

 Oxalifl, aestivation, it. 210. 



— capsule, iL 431. 



— drooping of flowers, artificially induced, 



ii. 122. 



— heteroatyliHm, ii. 399. 



Oxalis, opening of flower. iL 212. 



— protection of pollen. iL 127. 



Oxalis acetosolla, leaf, diuroal positions, i 

 534. 



leaf raovomonts, L 339. 



seed and embryo, ii. 422. 



seed-dispersal, ii. 834. 



unfolding loaves, i. 349- 



Oxalis lasiandra, duration of flowering, ii. 



213. 

 Oxalis rosea, movements of cotyledons, L 



532. 

 Oxalis scusitiva, leaf, diurnal positions, L 

 534. 



— ~- movements of cotyledons, i. 532. 

 sensitiveness, i. 535 ct si-q. 



Oxalis stricta, weather and autogamy, iL 391. 

 Oxalis Valdiviana, movementsof cotyledons, 



L532. 

 Ox-eye Daisy. See Leucanthemum vulgare. 

 Oxidation, and blue rays, i. 390. 



— by Bacteria, iL 623. 



Oxlip. See Primula elatior, ii. 404. 

 Oxyanthus tubitiorus, depth of flower, ü. 



180. 

 Oxybaphus, seed, mucilage organs, i. 615. 

 Oxybaphus nyctagineus, pollen-grains, ii. 97. 

 Oxycoccaceai, ii, 770. 



Oxycoccus palustris, wax on leaves, t. 302. 

 Oxygen, and respiration, i. 293, 504. 



— elimination of, L GO. 



— volume exhaled by plant, L 455. 

 Oxytbyrea funesta, and young capitula of 



Composites, ii. 243. 



Pachyma, sclerotia of Agaricioeic, iL G89. 

 Pachypappa vesicalis and mantle-gall on 



Abele, ii. 530. 

 Pachypleurum, geitonogamy, ii. 324, 

 Pachysandra, coloured stamen-filaments, iL 



183. 



— pollen and pollination, i. 645. 



— scent, iL 200. 



Padina Pavonia, structure, L 590, 

 Pffiderota, nectary, iL 175, 



— protogynous, iL 311. 



Psederota Ageria, cross-fertilization, ii. 301. 



fertility, dependence on insects, ii. 402. 



pull of roots, i. 768. 



Pa-onia, anthocyanin, i. 484. 



— protogynous, ii. 311. 



Pseonia pubens, vitality of spermatoplasm, 



ii. 96. 

 Palaeo-hotany, importance of venation, L 



635. 

 Palaeontology, bearing on evolution, ii. 610. 

 Palaeozoic vegetable remains, ii. 611. 

 Palea, of Gramineae, ii. 746. 

 Palisade-cells, i. 472. 



movements of chlorophyll-granules, L 



381. 

 Palisade parenchyma, PL I. 



— tissue, consumption of carbonic acid, i. 



368, 



of leaves, L 279. 



varieties, i. 374. 



Pallavicinia, vascular system, ii, 699. 

 Palmacese, description, ii. 740, 

 Palmella, Alga of Emericella, ii. 695. 

 Palmella cruonta, blood-red patches, i. 105. 

 Palmellaccae, ii. 606. 

 Palms, climbing. See Jtotaug. 



— fruit protection, iL 445, 



— germination, i. 604. 



— leaves of, structure in relation to trans- 



piration, i. 288. 



— polleu-graina, ii. 99. 



— temperature within spatho. i. 501. 



— vitality of spermatoplasm. ii. 96. 

 Palmyra Palm. See Boraeswi ßabelli/ormis. 

 Pandanaceaj. iL 745. 



— weaving habit in, i, 677. 

 Pandanus, phyllotaxis, L 402, 



— roots, L 756. 



