966 



INDEX, 



randamiB, stilt-roots, mechanical tissue, i. 



7r.i. 

 riindanua utilis. i. 758; ii. 745. 

 I'iindorma, structure, ii. 632. 

 I'aodorinea), ii. 606. 

 Pansy. See Viola tricolor. 

 Papaver, capsule, ii. 432, 



— iuacct platform, ii. 229. 



— nectarless, ii. 167. 



— pollen -grains, ii, 99. 



— preservation of stamens in Egyptian 



graves, i. 262. 



— protogyny in, ii. 310. 



Papaver alpinuni, protection of pollen, ii. 120. 

 Papaver Ehocaa, effect of dry soil, ii. 500. 

 Papaver somniferum, abode for flies and 

 beetles, ii. 163, 



floral markings, ii, 190. 



possible cause of doubling, ii. 554, 



size of flowers, ii. 185. 



Papaveraceje, epiphyllous buds, ii. 43. 



— laticiferous tubes, i. 470. 

 I'iiphiopcdiUum (Cypripedium) caudatum, 



size of flowers, ii. 185. 

 Papilionace«, {estivation of, ii. 210. 



— and insect visits, ii. 210. 



— cleistogamy in, ii. 393. 



— floral structure, ii. 228. 



— genera with explosive flowers, ii. 267. 



— hairiness, i. 318. 



— leaf- tendrils, i. 692. 



— pollen expulsion by piston -aiiparatns, ii. 



260. 



— protandrous dichogamy in, ii. 311. 



— storage of pollen, ii. 94. 



— switch-plants in, i. 330. 



— unfruitful artificial autogamy in, ii. 406. 

 PapilliB, protection of stomata from wetting 



by, i. 293. 

 Pappus, nature and function, ii. 434. 



— of achenes, ii. 432. 



— of Seoecio viscosus and autogamy, ii. 364. 

 Papyrus, manufacture, ii. 746. 



Papyrus antiquorum. Upper Nile, ii. 746- 

 Paracelsus, Bombastus, Swiss alchemist 



(1493-1541), i. 2. 

 Parachutes, on seeds arid fruits, ii. 855. 

 Piirallelodromous venation, i. 634. 

 Parapbyses, of Ascomycetes, ii. 676. 



— of Moss, ii. 15. 



Parasite and host, intimacy of coimection 

 between, in Lophopliytuni, i, 194. 



— application of term and former views con- 



cerning, i. 159. 



— intimate union with host in Orobanchese, 



i. 184. 

 Paraaites, absorption of carbon-dioxide, i, 

 63. 



— distinctive properties of, i. 161. 



— non-green, nutrition, i. 466. 



— on parasitic members of the same famUy 



or genus, i. 213. 



— sorts of, i. 161. 



— source of carbon, i. 63. 

 Parasitic action, of Bacteria, i. 162. 



— Bacteria, ii. 623. 



— Fungi, and form alteration, ii. 518. 



— Phanerogams, embryo, ii. 421. 



— root, i. 752. 



— thaliophytes, formation of brood-bodies, 



ii. 25. 

 Parasitism, difficultyof determination, i.243. 



— of Monotropa roots, on fungal hyphEe, 



i. 253. 

 Parastichies, and torsion, i. 406. 

 Parenchyma, cortical, i. 469. 



— spongy, functions, i. 473. 



of leaves, i. 279. 



Parietales, ii. 774. 



Parietaria, cross-fertilization, ii. 306. 



— distribution of sexes, ii. 298. 



— ejection of pollen, ii. 137. 



Parietaria officinalis, protogynous flowers, ii. 



307. 

 Paris quadrifolia, autogamy, ii. 341. 



stamen, ii. 87. 



Parkia, pollen-chambers, ii. 90. 



Parmclia saxatQis, a Foliaceous Lichen, i. 



246. 

 Painassia, nectaries, ii. 178. 

 Pamassia palustris, cross-fertilization, ii. 

 307. 



duration of flowering, ii. 213. 



flower, ii. 249. 



illumination and growth, ii. 508. 



movements of stamens, ii. 251. 



scent during day, ii. 209. 



structure of underground stem, i. 736. 



venation, i. 633. 



Paronychia Kapella, seed-dispersal, ä. 854. 

 Parsley Fern. See Allosoriis crispus. 

 Parthenogenesis, a special case of offshoot 



formation, ii. 468. 



— discussion of true nature in Phanerogams, 



Ü. 467. 



— in Mucorini, ii. 673. 



— in Saprolegniaceif , ii. 671. 



— nature of, ii. 44. 

 Parthenogonidia, of Volvox, ii. 034. 

 Partners, of Lichen communitits, i. 244. 

 Pasque Flower. See Pulsatilla. 

 Passiflora cirrhiflora, tendrils, i. 694. 

 Passiflora gracilis, tendril, i. 697. 

 Passiflora Kermesina, pollen-grain, ii. 100. 

 Passiflorales, ii. 785. 



Fath-flnders, name applied to floral uiurk- 

 ings, ii. 190. 



of flowers, ii. 232. 



Paullinia, tendrils, i. 694. 



Paulownia. scent, ii. 202. 



Pftulownia imperialis, inflorescence, i. 746. 



Pavia, flowers, sexual conditions, ii. 296. 



Pea. See Pisum. 



Pear-trees, deciduous protective hairs, i. 354. 



Peat, unfavom-able for Fungi, i. 102. 



Peat-moors,characteri3ticvegetatiün,ancient 



and modem, ii. 612. 

 Pedaliuni murex, spinose fruit, ii. 875. 

 Pedate venation, i. 633. 

 Pediastrum, life-history, ii. 639. 

 Pediastruui grauulatum, ii. 640. 



thallidia, ii. 24. 



Pedicularis, effect on host, &c., i. 179. 



— heterogamy, ii. 377. 



— hybrid flower colour, ii. 567. 



— hybrids, ii. 585. 



— nectary, ii. 174. 



— roots of parasitic species, i. 760, 

 Pedicularis incarnata, anthocyanin, i. 522. 

 autogamy, ii. 375. 



Pedicularis recutita, anthocyanin, i, 522. 



pollen-sprinkling apparatus, ii. 272. 



Pedicularis rostrata, pollen -sprinkling, ii. 272. 

 Pelargonium, radical buds, ii. 28. 



— thick cuticle of capitate cells, i. 230. 

 Pelargonium atrum, crepuscular jjerfume, ii. 



208. 



periodic perfume, ii. 242, 



scent, ii. 201. 



Pelargonium heterogamum, leaves and rain 



conduction, i. 95. 

 Pelargonium triste, and night visitors, ii. 197. 



crepuscular perfume, ii. 208. 



Peltaria alhacea, anthocyanin, i. 520. 

 Peltate leaf, venation, i. 032. 

 Peltigeracanina, Foliose Lichen, PI. XV., ii. 



694. 

 Pelvetia, ii. 664. 

 Pemphigusbursarius, galls on Poplar petioles, 



ii. 634. 

 Pemphigus comicularius, gall on Pistachia, 



ii. 534. 

 Pendent flowers and insect vi-sitors, ii, 222, 

 Pendulous flowers and loss of heat, i. 529. 

 Peuicillium, fermentative action, i. 508. 



— spore-dispersal, ii. 812. 



Peuicillium glaucum, spores and heat, i. 554. 



Penicillus, thallus, ii. 645. 



Penium, cliloropbyll bodies, cf. PI. I., i. 373. 



Penium Brebissonii, ii. 492. 



Pennywort. See Lysimachia Nummitlaria. 



Penstemon, absorptive cells on root, i. 87. 



— cross-fertilization, ii. 304. 



— pollen deposition, ii. 278. 



Penstemon. protandrous, ii. 311. 

 Pcpcromia, buds on leaf -cuttings, ii. 43. 

 Peperoniia arifolia, situation of stomata, i. 



293. 

 Pepones, ii. 785. 

 Peppermint-tree. See Eucalyptus amyodal' 



ina. 

 Pepsin, action, i. 465. 



— in Dioniea digestive secretion, i. 150. 



— secreted by Drosera glands, i. 144. 



— solvent of legumin, i. 458. 



Percussive apparatus, pollen distribution, ii. 



260. 

 Perennials, foliage-stems, i. 656. 



— light and growth, ii, 508. 



— procumbent, i. 661. 



— steppe and desert, heat resistance, i. 556. 

 Perfoliate, leaf, i. 595. 



Perianth, as insect platform, ii. 225. 



— functions, ii. 719. 

 Perianth-leavi's, arrangement, i. 641. 

 Periblem, leaf origin, i. 649. 

 Pericarp, and dispersal, ii. 430. 



— changes in ripening, i. 462. 

 Perichajtium of Mosses, ii. 65. 

 Periderm, i. 469. 



— buffer action, i. 474. 



— characteristics, i. 719. 

 Peridermium pini, ii. 080. 



nutrition of, i. 167. 



Peridineae, description, ii. 625. 

 Peridium, of Gasteromycetes, ii, 689. 

 Ferine, of pollen-grain, ii. 100. 

 Periodic movements and growth, ii. 220. 

 Perisperm, nature of, ii. 422. 

 Perisporiaceaj, distinctive character, ii. 676. 

 Peristome, of Moss capsule, ii. 702. 



— of Moss sporogonium, ii. 15. 



— of Splachnum, ii. 703. 

 Perithecia, of Claviceps, Ü, 680. 



— of Cordyceps, ii. 679. 



— of Pyrenomycetes, ii. 678. 

 Peronospora parasitica, and Capselhi Bursa- 



pastoris, ü. 525. 



and Cruciferje, ii. 670. 



Peronosporaviolaceaandstamensof Knautia 



arvensis, ii. 524. 

 Peronospora viticola, ii. 57, 670. 

 Peronosporcuö, ii, 606. 



— life-history, ii. 56, 669. 



— spore- format! on, ii. 22. 



Persian steppes, spinose shrubs, i. 435. 

 Persica vulgaris, cotyledons, i. 608. 

 Perspiring, of plants, i. 273. 

 Petals and autogamy, ii. 365. 



— and nocturnal radiation, i. 530. 



— chlorophyll in, i. 376. 



— origin, ii. 86. 



— withering after pollination, ii. 286. 

 Petasites, flowering and flowerless shoots, i, 



652. 



— imperfect flowers, ii. 295, 

 Petioles, twisting of, i. 417. 



"Petites espdces", replace one another, ii. 



884. 

 "Petit grain", from Orange leaves, i. 401. 

 Petiveria, unequal cotyledons, i. 622. 

 Petroselinum sativum, schizocarp, ii. 427. 

 Petunia, propagation of hybrids, ii. 656. 



— scent, ii. 202. 



Petunia violacea, nocturnal perfume, ii. 208. 

 Peziza, spore-dispcrsal, ii. 825. 

 Peziza aeruginosa, cause of green-rot in trees, 

 i. 263. 



habitat, &c., ii. 682. 



Peziza scutellata, ii. 682, 



Peziza vesiculosa, ii. 19, 683. 



Peziza Willkommii, effect on host, i, 168. 



on Larix Europaea, ii. 522. 



Phaca, explosive flowers, ii. 267. 

 Phaenology and climatology, i. 565, 

 PhseophyceBe, characteristics, ii. 661. 



— group of Thallopbyta, ii. 620. 

 Phaljcnopsis grandiflora, duration of flower- 

 ing, ii. 214. 



PhalEBnopsis Schilleriana, adherent roota, L 

 107 



