970 



INDEX. 



Propagation by leaf-cuttings, iL 41. 



— by offshoots, ii. 790. 



— kinds of, ii. 6. 

 Protandrous dichogamy, ii. 309. 



— flower, ii. 307. 



— plants and hybridization, ii. 317. 

 Proteace^, and animals, i. 432. 



— Australian, summer sleep, i. 326. 



— foUicle. ii.430. 



— polIen-graii)3, ii. 99, 



— position of kaf-blades in many, i. 335. 



— storage of pollen, ii. 94. 



— sweeping hairs, ii. 615. 

 Proteale3, ii. 751. 



— description, ii. 750. 



Protea meUifera, Australia, protection of 

 stomata from moisture, i. 296. 



cnticular ramparts, i, 310. 



stomata, surface view and section, i. 



297. 



Protection, from loss of heat, i. 528. 



— of bulbs, i. 624. 



— of chlorophyll, i. 391. 



— of cotyledons in germination, i. 613. 



— of embryo, ii. 442, 601. 



— of flowers, by sticky glands, ii. 236. 

 by tufts of hair, ii. 240. 



— of honey, by intra-floral hairs, ii, 239. 



various contrivances, ii. 233. 



various devices, ii. 241. 



— of leaves, against mechanical injury, i, 



428. 



— of plants, against animals, i. 430. 

 by snow, i. 548. 



by spines, &c., i, 433. 



— of pollen, ii. 117. 



— Of pollen from wet, ii. 106, 109. 



— of ripening seeds against animals, Ü. 444. 



— of seeds against wet, ii. 448. 



— of spermatoplasm and ooplasm, ii. 72. 



— of sporangia, ii. 13. 



— of underground roots from vermin, &c., 



i. 762. 

 Protective contrivances, and distribution, i. 

 450. 



and loss of heat, i. 529. 



of developing leaves, i. 348. 



— envelopes of young green leaves, i. 351. 



— Isolation of plants by water, ii. 233. 



— poisons of plants, i. 431. 

 Proteid-granules. in endosperm, ii. 421. 

 Prothallium, female, of Hydropterides, ii. 



710. 



— of Equisetum, ii. 712. 



— of Fern, ii. 472. 



— of Lycopodium annotinum, ii. 716. 



— young, arising from spore, it. 472. 

 Prothallus, Fern, habit of, i. 88. 

 Protococcoidese, as Lichen-algse, ii. 692. 



— description, ii. 628 et seq. 

 Protococcus atlanticus, reddening of sea, i. 



389. 

 Protozoa afford examples of simplest type 

 of reproduction, ii. 630. 



— and Myxoraycetes, ii. 619, 

 Protogynous dichogamy, ii. 309. 



— flower, ii. 307. 



— plants and hybridization, ii. 316. 

 Protomycetes, ii. 674. 

 Protonema, of Moss, ii. 701, 799. 



— of Schistostega, PI. I. 

 luminosity, i. 385. 



Protoplasm, and freezing to death, i. 552. 



— continuity, and transmission of stimuli, 



i. 536. 



— essential part of cell, i. 26, 



— formative activity, i. 572, 



— importance in assimilation, i. 456, 



— in cell-wall, i. 581. 



— inclosed in cells, i. 25. 



— motion within cell-cavities, i. 32. 



— movements and chlorophyll-granules, ii 



382. 



— rate of current, i, 34. 



— resLating capacity, i. 553. 



— selective absorption due to specific con- 



stitution, i. 73. 



Protoplasm, specific constitution, ii. 487. 



— structure, i, 511, 569. 



— theorie.'i of origin, ii. 597. 



— vehicle for oxygen, i. 495. 



— vitality, i. 51. 

 and cold, i. 544. 



Protoplasmic strands, conducting function, 



i. 466. 

 Protoplast, definition of term, i, 26. 



— divi.'iion of labour within, i, 466. 

 Protoplasts, amceboid, i. 31. 



— chlorophyll corpuscles in, i. 30. 



— ciliated, general behaviour, i. 30. 



— green, behaviour towards light, i. 30. 



— mode of life, i. 27. 



— mutual and external relations, i. 47. 



— power of renovation, ii. 45. 



— problem of mutual intelligence between, 



i, 49. 



— sorts of, i. 28. 



Prunella, distribution of sexes, ii. 298. 



— honey protection, ii. 241. 



— hybrids, ii. 585. 

 Pruning, object of, ii. 37. 



Prunus, host of Polystigma rubrum, ii. 678. 



Prunus armeniaca, section, i. 22. 



Prunus avium, dates of flowering, i. 519. 



drupe, ii. 423. 



Prunus cerasiis, cotyledons, i. 608. 



Prunus communis, nectary, ii. 174. 



Prunus insititia, &c., galls of Exoascus Pruni, 

 Ü. 524. 



Prunus Mahaleb, reserve-buds, ii. 33. 



Prunus Padus, ü. 524, 



Prunus spinosa, drupe, ii. 428. 



spines, i. 443. 



Prussic acid, i. 462. 



Pseudo-hermaphrodite flowers and dichog- 

 amy, ii. 312. 



Pseudomorphs, Orobanche formerly con- 

 sidered, i. 185. 



Psilotaceae. description, ii 715, 



— homosporous, ii 713. 

 Ptarmigans, in Alps. i. 489. 



Ptelea trifoliata, flowers, sexual conditions, 

 ii. 296. 



seed-dispersal, ü 853. 



Pteranthus echinatus, hooked fruit, ii. 873. 

 PterideEB, tribe of Polypodiaceje, ii. 706. 

 Pteridophyta compared to Bryophyta. ii, 704. 



— general description, ii, 704. 

 Pterocarya, mode of fertilization unknown, 



ii. 413. 

 Pterocarya Caucasica, cotyledons, i, 621. 

 Pterogouium gracile, parthenogenesis, ii. 



464. 

 Pucciuia graminis, efliect on Wheat crops, ii. 

 687. 



Ufe-history, ii. 686. 



P*uff-balls. See Lycoperdon. 

 Pulmonaria, autogamy, ii. 396. 



— heterostyly, ii. 302. 



— protection of pollen, ii 118. 



— venation, i 630. 



Pulmonaria hybrida, characteristic hairs, ii, 



561 

 Pulmonaria Lithospermum. flower colour 



and surroundings, ii. 194. 

 Pulmonaria officinalis, winter protection, i 



550. 

 Pulque, i. 507. 



— fermented juice of Agave Americana, i 



272. 



Pulsatilla, hybrids, ii 584. 



l*ulsatilla patens, protogyny and hybridiza- 

 tion, ii. 316. 



PulsatUla pratensis, colour of sepals, ii 183. 



Pulsatilla vemaUs, distribution of sexes, ii 

 298. 



— nectaries, ii, 179. 



Pulvinus, of leaf, function, i 532. 

 Purification, due to Bacteria, i 264, 

 Purple Loosestrife. See Lythrnm Salicana. 

 Putrefaction, and Moulds, i 507. 



— by Bacteria, ii 623. 



— nature and causes of, substances gener- 



ated during, i. 263. 



Putrefaction, nature of, 1. 506. 

 Pycnidia. of Lichens, ii. 693. 



— of Pyrenomycetes. ii. 678. 

 Pyrenoid. function, ii 629. 



— of Chlamydomonas. ii 629. 

 Pyrenoids, in Spirogyra, ii. 656. 



— of Hydrodictyoo, ii. 640. 

 PyrenoUchenca, characters, ii. 694. 

 Pyrenomycetes, as Lichen-fungi, ii. 693. 



— distinctive characters, ii. 676. 

 Pyrola, dehiscence of imllen-sacs, ii. 92, 

 Pyrola chlorantha, capsules in dry and wet 



weather, ii 448. 

 Pyrola media, autogamy, ii 364. 

 Pyrola secunda, pollen - sprinkling, ii 273, 



274. 

 Pyrola imiflora, flower and autogamy, ii 

 383. 



scent, ii. 202. 



stamen, ii. 91. 



water-receptacles, i. 239. 



Pyrolacese, ii. 768. 

 Pyrus. carpels, ii 76. 



— hybridization in, ii. 570. 



— scent, ii. 200. 



Pyrus aucuparia, and Gjminosporangium 



juniperinum, ii, 686, 

 Pyrus communis, dates of flowering, i 519, 



grafting on Cratiegus Oij-acantha. ic, 



ii 571. 



Gymnosporangium gall, ii. 520, 



persistent receptacle, ii 435, 



Pyrus cydooia, mucilaginous seed-coat, L 458. 

 Pyrus malus, carpels, ii. 76, 



host of Mistletoe, i 205. 



ovary, sections, ii. 74. 



Pyrus salicifoUa, erroneous assertions about 



origin, i, 215, 

 Pythium. germination, ii, 669, 

 Pythium de Baryanum, on seedlings, ii 670. 



Q. 



Quamoclit coccinea, cotyledons, i 621. 

 Quartz attacked by Lichens, i 257. 



— difficult to decompose, i 83, 266, 

 Quassia amara. flowering branch, ii, 778. 

 Queen of the Night. See Ceretis nycticalus. 

 Quercus, i. 716 : ii 760. 



— and bud-galls of Andricus inflator, ii. 543. 



■ — of Aphilothrix gemmse, ii. 541. 



of Aphilothrix Sieboldi, ii. 537, 541. 



of Cynips Hartigii, ii. 541. 



of Cynips lucida, ii. 541. 



of Cynips polycera, ii. 541. 



of Dryoterus terminalis, ii. 543, 



of Neuroterus fumipeonis, ii 537. 



of Neuroterus numismatus, ii. 537. 



of Spathegaster baccarum, ii 526. 



— and grazing animals, i 445, 



— and Peziza jemginosa, ii. 682. 



— and solid gall of Cynips KoUari, ii. 541. 



— bark, i 720, 



— cotyledons, i 608; ii 421. 



— curvature of branches, i. 416. 



— defoUation slow, i 361. 



— fertilization porogamic, ii. 413. 



— fossii i 636. 



— from chalk, ii. 613, 



— galls on roots, ii 541. 



— germination, i. 609. 



— mechanical tissue arrangement, i 729. 



— monoecious, ii 297. 



— numerous hybrids, ii 583. 



— nut-gall of Cynips calicis, ii 543. 



— phyllotaxis, i. 399. 



— pollen-grains, ü. 99, 102. 



— pollination, ii 133, 135, 



— protogjmous. ii 313. 



— scale-leaves of first bud, i 624. 



— stomata, i. 280. 



— tannin of wood and nutrition of Mildew, 



i 166. 



— variety in foliage, ii. 471. 



— vernation, i 350. 



Quercus Austriaca, seedlings, i, 607. 



