INDEX. 



977 



Steppe- witches, ii. 850. 

 Sterculii»ce:i'. gecd-ilisiK^rsial. ii. 837. 

 Stereum. te-xture aiid lijmenium, ii. 688. 

 Sterieuiala, of Ttasidiomycetes. ii. 20. 

 Sterility of plants under cultivation, ii. 403. 

 SterDber^ia, protection of poUeu from rain, 



iL 112. 

 Sternbcrgia lutea, autogamy, it. 373. 

 Sticky bristles, aud protection of flowers, ii. 



237. 



— fruits, ii. 869. 



— secretions, and protection from marauders. 



ii. 234. 

 Stigeoclonium, thallus, ii. 652. 

 Stigma, adaptation to wind-polHnation, ii. 



151. 



— and wind-fertilization, ii. 134. 



— as pollen-protector, ii. 111. 



— attraction for pollen-tubes, ii. 413. 



— cbanges after [wlHiiation, ü. 285. 



— morphology, i. 645. 



— pollen selection, ii. 404. 



— stifby, ii. 2S2. 

 Stigmaria, nature of, ii. 716. 

 Stigmas and stamens of Iris. ii. 729. 

 Stigmatic chambers, of Asclepiads, ii. 259. 

 StUt^roots, i. 758, 759. 



structure, i. 761. 



Stimuli, acting on roots, i. 776. 

 Stimulus, propagation of, i. 151. 



— transmission in sensitive plants, &c., i. 536. 

 Stinging Nettle. See Urtica dioica. 

 Stipa, fruit anchoring, i. 616. 



Stipa capillata, folding of leaf, i. 344. 



leaf, section, i. 342. 



Stipa pennata, PL Vl. 



awn functions, i. 617. 



dispersal, i. 617. 



fruits boring into ground, i. 619. 



isolated colonies, i. 528. 



Stipular nectaries, ii 232. 



— spines, i. 448. 



Stipules, chief function, i. 637. 



— chlorophyll protecting, i. 392. 



— deciduous, i. 351. 



— of Legumiuos.-e, i. 448. 



— of Marattiaceje, ii, 709. 



— protective, i. 351. 

 Stipule-tendril, i. 692. 

 Stock. See Matthiola. 



Stock, relation of graft to, ii. 571. 



— wild, in grafting, i. 214. 

 Stolon, nature of, i. 663. 

 Stoma, description of. i. 63. 



Stomata. and diurnal positions of leaves, i. 

 535. 



— and honey secretion, ii. 172. 



— and transmission of carbonic acid, i. 370. 



— and water-pores, i. 3Ö6. 



— arrangement in switch-plants, i. 332. 



— exudation of saline solution from, i. 236. 



— functions, opening and closing of, guard- 



cell«, i. 308. 



— in pit-like depressions, i. 298. 



— in the farrows of green stems, i. 299. 



— of Knightia excelsa. ii. 751. 



— of Moss capsule, ii. 702. 



— over-arched, of Australian Proteaceie, i. 



297. 



— protectionfrommoiaturebycuticularpegs, 



i. 2M. 296. 



— protection from moisture by ]>apiUa-like 



outgrovrths, i. 295. 



— protection from moisture by rolling of 



leaves, i. 302. 



— protection from wetting, i, 292. 



— regulators of transpiration, i. 309. 



— shape when open, size, i. 281. 



— surface view and section, t 294. 



— within boUow tubercles, i. 300. 

 Stomate, of Harchantia. ii. 697. 

 Stomates, in Antbocerotacese, ii. 698. 

 Stonecrop. See Sedum. 

 Stone-fruit, ii. 428. 



Stone Pine. See Pinua Pinea. 

 Storage of pollen, ii. 94. 

 Storm, effect on vegetation, i. 474. 

 Vol. IL 



Stratification. See CfUtratl. 



Stmtiotes, protective isolation by water, ii. 

 234. 



Stratiotes aloides, mode of life, i. 76. 



rooU, i. 752. 



spiny loaves, i. 438. 



winter sinking, i. 552. 



Strawberrj-, Wild. See Fraitai\a tesca. 



Strawberry- tree. See Arbutus Unedo. 



Strelitzia. S. African, ii. 734. 



Streptocarpus jiolyantlnis, cotyledons, un- 

 equal development, i. 622. 



Striation. cause of, i. 5C9. 



Stroma-starch of Hyclrodictyon, ii. 640. 



Struggle for existence, ii. 600, 



Stnithiopteris germanica, height, i. 714. 



Stnivea delicatula. habitat, ii, 646. 



Style, attraction for pollen-tubes, ii. 414. 



— morphology, i. G44. 



— movements of, ii. 277. 

 Stylidiaccie, ii. 767. 



Styphnolobium japonicum, green cotyledons, 

 ii. 421. 



Sub-alpine plants, autogamy in, ii. 400. 



Suberin, chief component of cuticle, com- 

 position, i. 309. 



— formation, i. 458. 

 Substance, intercellular, i. 26. 

 Substitution-buds, characteristics, ii. 34. 

 Substitution and plant succession, ii. 498. 

 Substratum, classification of plants accord- 

 ing to, ii. 496. 



— effects of Bacteria on. ii. 623. 



— influt^nce on graft, ii. 571. 

 Subterranean fruits, ii. 878. 



— ronts, mechanical adaptation, i. 762. 

 Subulariaaquatica, sub-aqueous fertilization, 



ii. 391. 

 Succulent fruits, dispersal, ii. 864. 



— plants, i. 327. 



Succulents, compared to camels, i. 32S. 



— heat resistance, i. 554. 



— not eaten by animals, i. 432. 



— water-retaining substances in juices, i. 329. 

 Suckers, of Bartsia alpina, i. 180. 



— of Lathra*a, i. 182. 



— of Pedicularis, i. 179. 



— of Rhinanthace.'e, i. 178. 

 Sugar, formed by protoj'la.sts, i. 61. 



— from formic aldehydf. i. 456. 



— manufacturing of, i. 377. 



— storing, i. 358. 



— viscous fermentation, i. 506. 

 Sugars, conducting tisues for, i. 479. 



— importance, i. 463. 



Sugar solution and germination of pollen- 

 grains, ii. 407. 

 Sulphur, sources of, i. 458. 



— necessary for proteid formation, i. 67. 

 Sulphur Bacteria, ii. 624. 



Sulphuric acid, reduction, i. 458. 



Sulphurous rain, ii. 151. 



Sumachs. Sec Ekus Cotinus and B. Ty- 



phinum. 

 Smnmer sleep, of jilante, i. 356. 

 Sue-birds, pollen transference by, ii. 247. 

 Sun-dew. See Drosera. 

 Sunlight, and respiration, i, 496. 

 Sunshine, and flowering, ii. 474. 



— and opening of flowers, ii. 219. 

 Suspensor, of embryo, ii. 421. 

 in Gymnospcmis, ii. 438. 



-- of SelagincUa, ii. 715. 

 Swamroerdam, Butch philosoplier, i. 21. 

 Swarm-spores, l>ehaviour towards light, i. 382 



in Chytridiacea;, ii. 669. 



in Saprolegniaceie, ii. 669. 



of PeronoBporcEc, ii. 57. 



Sweeping-hairs of style, ii. 318. 



Sweet Flag. See Acorus CaUimut. 



Sweet-sop. See Anona »<ywamo*ta. 



Sweet Vernal Grass. See Antkirxanthum. 



Swertia, nectaries, ii. 178. 



Swertia perennis. autogamy, ii. 341. 



honey protection, ii. 241. 



Swietenia Mahagoni, flower, ii 286. 

 Swimming plants, characteristic«, 1. 669. 



Switch- plants, chlorenrhynia, i, 331. 



green tisHue. relative position, 1. 471. 



strengthening tij»i*ue», I. 426. 



Switch-shrub, stem in section, i. 332. 

 Sycamore. See Arer PsrmiO'pltitanvs. 

 Symbiosis, and evolution, ii. 610, 



— and nutrition, i. 466, 



— case allied to that of Lichens, i. 268. 



— essential conditions, of Lichens, i. 244. 



— general considerations, i, 243. 



— of Bacteria with root-fibres, ii. 521. 



— of fungal byphai with roots of Phanero- 



gams, in relation to cultivation, i. 250. 



— of Liverworts and Kotifeno, i. 255. 



— of plant and aniTnal. i. 254. 



— of plants with Ants, ii. 233. 



— of Yucca with Moths, ii. 159. 

 Symphyogyna, vascular system, ii. 699. 

 Symphytum, bristles, i. 441. 



— pollen -grains, ii. 97. 



— unfolding of inflorescence, i. 744. 

 Symphytum oflicinale, pollen - sprinkling 



apparatus, ii. 275. 

 Sjfmphytum Tauricum, floral change of 



colour, ii. 191. 

 Synchitrium Anemones, &c., gall formation» 



ii. 520. 

 Synconium, of Ficus. ii. 157. 

 Synedra Ulna, ii. 626. 

 Synergidffl, of egg-apparatus, ii. 81, 416. 

 Synthesis, of Lichen, ii. 692. 



— in plants, hypotheses regarding, i. 378. 

 Syringa, autogamy, ii. 334. 



Syringa vulgaris, hermaphrodite, ii. 296. 



pollen -grains, ii. 97. 



scent, ii. 201. 



"Witches' Broom " galls, ii. 548. 



Syrrhopodon scaber, thallidia, ii. 23. 

 System, Linnean, i. 6; ii. 288. 



— natural, of classification, ii. 602. 

 Syzygites, parthenogenesis, ii. 464. 



Table Mountain, vegetation of. i. 306. 

 Table of Bentham and Hooker's main diri- 

 siong, ii. 604. 



— of Braun's classification, ii. 605. 



— of De Candolle's classification, ii. 603. 



— of Endlicher's classification, ii. 604. 



— of Jussieu's classification, ii. 602, 



— of Linnseus's classitication, ii. 288. 



— of Sachs's classification of Thatlophytes, ii. 



606. 



Tables of relative growth at different eleva- 

 tions, ii. 509. 



Talinum fruticosum, i. 327. 



Talipot, size of leaf, i. 287. 



Talipot Palm. See Corj/pha iimbraculi/era. 



TamarinduB, flower, ii. 292. 



Tamariscinea;, i. 198. 



Tamarisks. See Tamariseinfcp. 



Tamarix, not true "manna", ii. 812. 



— reserve-buds. ii. 35. 



— salt on leaves and stems, 1. 236. 

 Taraus. mechanical tissue, i. 732. 



— pollen -grains, ii. 99. 



Tannin, absorption by Mildews, i. 167. 



— decomposition by Aspergillufl niger, i. 507. 



— taste, i. 462. 



Tapetal cells, of anther, ii. 94. 



Taphrina camea, blisters on btrcb-leaves, iL 



676. 

 Tap-root. i. 760. 

 Taraxacum, aestivation, ii. 210. 



— geitonogamy. ii. 319. 



— laticiferouB tubes, i. 470. 



— protection of pollen, ii. 114, 

 Taraxacum officinale, durtktion of blossom- 



iDg, ii. 218. 



elevation and coloration, ii. 611. 



latitude and clusing, ii. 218. 



latitude and opening, ii. 217. 



leaves and rain conduction, i. 95. 



plumed fruits, il. 857- 



— — poUen-grains, ii, 99. 



112 



