980 



INDEX. 



TubcrcloB, of OrchidH, with mtcrnal stomata, 



double function, i. 300. 

 TubtTcular galls, ii. 535. 

 Tuberculosis, bacterial origin, ii. G24. 

 Tubere. propagation of hybriils by. ii. 556. 



— replacing flowers and fruit, ii. 460. 



— resting, of desert perennials, i. 556. 

 Tubular floret of Composltae. ii. 115. 



Tufa, calcareous, formed by the action of 



Mouses, i. 260. 

 Tulip Tree. See Liriodendron tulipi/era. 

 Tulipa, artificially induced drooping, ii. 123. 



— dispersed by roots, ii. 832. 



— double flowers, ii. 80. 



— forcing, i. 564. 



— hybridization and flower colours, ii. 568. 



— insect platform, ii. 229. 



— leaves and rain conduction, i. 94. 



— opening and closing, ii. 220. 



— ojwning of flower, ii. 212. 

 TuHpaDidieri, cross-fertilization, ii. 307. 

 Tulipa Gesneriana, depth in soil and growth, 



ii. 407. 

 Tulipa sylvestris, autogamy, ii. 379. 



flower, part of, Ü. 240- 



protection of pollen, ii. 120. 



scent, ii. 203. 



Tulostoma mammosum, ii. 690. 

 Tunbridge ware and Peziza jeruginosa, ii. 682. 

 Tundra, the, Lichens of, i. 218. 

 Turgenia, protogynouB, ii. 311. 

 Turgenia latifolia, autogamy, ü. 342, 



flowers, sexual conditii>n3, ii. 296. 



light and growth, ii. 508. 



Turgeacence, i. 277. 



Turgidity, and "burning", i. 554. 



— and growth, i. 511. 



— and leaf -movements, i. 532. 



— and opening of flowers, ii. 219. 



— and organic acids, i. 464. 



— and shortening of root, i. 770. 



— nature of, i. 59. 



— of staminal filaments, ii. 140 

 Turion, application of term, i, 624. 



— scale leaves of, function, i. 625. 

 Turkey Oak. See Querciis Cerris. 

 Turnip. See Brassica Rajya rupacea. 

 TiUT)entine Gall-apple, ii. 534. 

 Turritis glabra, anthocyanin, i. 520. 

 TussUago, distribution of sexes, ii. 297. 



— geitonogamy, ii. 321. 



— imperfect flowers, ii. 295. 



— protection of pollen, ii. 120. 

 Tuaailago Farfara, dichogamy, ii. 312. 



flowering and flowerless shoots, i. 652. 



two-coloured leaves, habitat, i. 293. 



Twayblade. See Listera. 



Twining, accessory aids, i. 687. 



— and torsion, i. 683. 



— conditions regulating, i. 682. 



— independence of external conditions, i. 



685. 



— plants, leaf arrangement, i. 420. 



— stem, mechanical tissue, i. 732. 



~ stems, annual and perennial, i. 688. 

 Tylanthus ericoides, rolled leaf, section,!. 301. 

 Typha, absorbent cotyledon, i 765. 



— cotyledon in germination, i. 606. 



— details of germination, i. 608. 



— erect leaves, i. 428. 



— monoecious, ii. 297. 



— protogynous, ii. 313. 



— wax on leaves, i. 292. 



Tyi)ha angustifolia, leaf-twist, i. 429. 

 Typha latifolia, cohering pollen-gi-aius, ii. 97. 

 Typha Shuttleworthii, germination, i. 607. 



cohering pollen-grains, ii. 97. 



plumed fruits, ii. 857. 



Typhacex*, ii. 745. 

 Typbus, relapsing, germ of, i. 163. 

 Tyrol, Castle of Ambras, Lichens on column 

 near, i. 247. 



— mountain pines, i. 549. 



— temperature observations, i. 547. 

 TyroBin, i. 263. 



— an amide, i. 458. 



— nature of, U. 199. 



U. 



TJdotea. thallus, ii. 645. 

 Ulex, explosive flowers, ii. 267. 



— protectionof stomata from moisture, i. 298. 

 Ulex GaUii, &c., fruit-protection, ii. 445. 

 spines, i. 434. 



TJlmaceae, ii. 758. 

 Ulmus, bud-scales, i. 626. 



— flowering, ii. 150. 



— leaf-mosaic, i. 422. 



— phyllotaxis, i. 399. 



— pollen discharge, ii. 145. 



— protogynous, ii. 313. 



— roots, i. 752. 



Ulmus carapcstris and gall of Schizoneura 

 Ulmi, ii. 533. 



and gall of Tetraneura alba, ii. 533. 



and gall of Tetraneura Ulmi, ii. 532, 533. 



diameter, i. 722. 



flowers and fruits, ii. 143. 



pocket -galls on, ii. 532. 



protogynous, ii. 311. 



Ulothrix, cilia of swarming protoplast, i. 29. 



— life-history, ii. 648. 



— vacuole of swarm-spore, i. 31. 

 Ulothrix zonata, ii. 648- 



fruit-formation, ii. 50- 



Ulva, chlorophyll bodies, i. 373. 



— habit, i. 587. 

 Ulvacese. range, i. 390. 

 Ulvie. on Crabs, i. 77. 

 Ulvalactuca, best situation, i. 105. 

 Ulva latissima, ii. 648. 



Umbel, i. 739. 

 Umbellifene, ü. 788. 



— estivation in, ii. 210. 



— and Field-mice, i. 763. 



— anthocyanin and elevation, i. 522. 



— autogamy, Ji. 342. 



— behaviour of cotyledons, i. 600. 



— buds on hypocotyl, ii. 28. 



— coloured bracts in, ii. 183. 



— fleshy leaves, i. 327. 



— flowers, sexual conditions in, ii. 296. 



— geitonogamy in, ii. 323. 



— honey, ii. 179. 



— hybrids few, ii. 584. 



— insect guests, ii. 230, 243. 



— integument of ovule, ii. 81, 



— liberation of cotyledons, i. 612. 



— massing of flowers, ii. 186. 



— oriental, flowering, i. 745. 



— periodically pendxdous umbels, i. 530. 



— pollen deposition in, ii. 278. 



— poll en -grains, ii. 102. 



— power of crossing, ii. 616. 



— protection from grazing animals, t. 451. 

 of poUen, it 120. 



— protogyny in, ii. 311. 



— scent of flowers, stem, &c., ii. 199. 



— schizocarp and mericarps, ii. 430. 



— seed protection from dryness, ii. 450. 



— sticky stigmas in, ii. 282. 



— venation, i. 632. 



Umbilicaria, Foliose Lichen, ii. 694. 

 Umbrella Pine. See Sciadopithya verti- 



cillata. 



Unbidden guests of plants, nature of, ii. 230. 



Undershrubs, characteristics of inflores- 

 cences, i. 745. 



— mechanical tissue arrangement, i. 729. 

 Underwood, promotion of growth, ii. 36. 

 Unfolding of Beech-leaves, i. 353. 



— of leaves, i. 349 



Unger, Frauz. botanical observations at 

 Kitzbllhel, ii. 495. 



— history of plants, ii. 3. 



— work on development and its title, i. 13. 

 Unguiculate petal, ii. 250. 



Unicellular organisms, green, behaviour 



towards light, i. 382. 

 unisexual flowers, ii. 291. 

 Unona, scent, ii. 202. 

 Upas-tree. See Antiaris toxicaria. 



UpsaUi, floral clock, ii. 215. 

 Urania, caudex, i. 714. 

 Urea, absorption of, i. 104. 

 Urcdineae. dispersal of stKires, ii. 812. 



— habit and characteristics, ii. 685. 

 Urocystis, spores, ii. 675. 

 Urocystis Viol«, ii. 676. 



Uromyces AJchcmillse, effect on AlchemilJa 



vulgaris, ii. 524. 

 Uromyces Phyteumatum, effect on Phyteuma 



nrbiculare, ii. 524. 

 Uromyces Pisi, and Euphorbia Cyparissias, 



ii. 525. 

 Uromyces Primulseintegrifoliaj.anU Primula 



Clusiana, &c., ii. 525. 

 Urophora cardui, bud-galls on Cirsium 



arvense, ii. 543. 

 Urpflanze, Goethe's, i. 12. 

 Urtica, amount of i>olIen, ii. 151. 



— bast-cells, i. 725. 



— cotyledon stinging hairs, i. 623. 



— ejection of pollen, ii. 94, 136. 



— force of root-pressure in, i. 273. 



— pollen-grain, ii. 102. 



— pollination, ii. 133. 



— species causing tetanus, i. 442. 

 Urticaceae, ii. 719. 



— androecium, ii. 750. 



— distribution of sexes, ii. 297. 



Urtica dioica, and gall of Cecidomyia urticae, 

 ii. 534. 



distribution of sexes, ii. 300. 



stinging hair, i. 493. 



Urtica urens, monoecious, ii. 297. 



persistent cotyledons, i. 622. 



protogynous, ii. 313. 



• stinging, i. 441. 



Usnea barbata. PI. XV. 



Fruticose Lichen, ii. 694. 



Ustilaginese, dispersal of spores, ii. 812. 

 Ustilago carbo. See U. seg^tum. 

 UstUago longissima, hosts, ii. 675. 

 Ustilago Maydis, ii. 675. 

 Ustilago segetum, life-history, ii. 675. 

 Ustilago violacea, on Caryophyllaceai, ii. 675. 

 Utricle, of Genlisea, i. 124. 



— primordial, i. 25. 

 Utricularia, autogamy, ii. 356. 



— dispersal of offshoots, ii. 807. 



— embryo, i. 596. 



— floating habit, i. 668. 



— leaves and bladders, i. 120. 



— pollen deposition, ii. 280. 



— pollen dispersion, ii. 105. 



— protective isolation by water, ii. 234. 

 Utricularia Grafiana, i. 120. 

 Utricularia minor, i. 120. 



Utricularia neglecta, traps, absorption cells, 

 i. 121. 



Utricularia nelumbifolia, commensal with 

 TiUandsia, runners of, i. 123. 



Utriculariae, carnivorous plants, with trap- 

 bladders, i. 120. 



~ some non-aquatic, i. 123. 



Uvularia, autogamy, ii. 332. 



— grandifiora, nectaries, ii. 177. 



V. 



VacciniaceHp. ii. 770, 

 Vaccinium, hybrids, ii. 585. 



— pollen tetrads, ii. 97. 



~ protection of pollen, ii. 107, 118. 



— sticky stigmas, ii. 282. 



Vaccinium MjTtillus, allurement of insects, 

 ii. 206. 



dehiscence of pollen-sacs, ii. 92. 



grooving of stem, i. 96. 



mycorhiza, i. 251. 



nectaries, ii. 175. 



protogynous, ii 310, 



Vaccinium Oxycoccus, dehiscence of pollen- 

 sacs, ii. 92. 



duration of flowering, ii. 214. 



force of runners, i. 516. 



stamen, ii. 91 



