982 



INDEX. 



Villarsia nymphoides, anthocyanin, i. 521. 



leaf and transpiration, i. 288. 



Vinca, a'stivation, ii. 210. 



— stolons, i. 663. 



Vinca herbacca, flower, ii. 240. 



honey protection, ii. 241. 



stigma, ii. 240. 



style, ii. 240. 



Vinca major, and Puccinia VincsB, ii. 525. 



vitality of sperm at oplasni. ii. 96. 



Vinca minor, and Puccinia Vine», il. 525. 



flower colour and surroundings, ii. 194. 



Vine. See Vitis. 



Vine-mildew, False. See Pcronospora viti- 

 cola. 



True. See Erysipht Tuckeri. 



Vine-pruning, varies vrith locality, ii. 37. 

 Viola, capsule, ii. 431. 



— flower, day and night positions, i. 531. 



— hybrids, ii. 584. 



— nectary, ii. 178. 



— pollen -sprinkling, ii. 276. 



— propagation of hybrids, ii. 556. 



— protection of pollen from wet, ii. 110. 



— rhizome and light, i. 484. 



— venation, L 633. 



Viola arvensis, autogamy, ii, 387. 



cleiBtogamy, ii. 394. 



light and growth, ii. 508. 



Viola calcarata, colour and locality, ii. 194. 



Viola coUina, cleistogamy, ii. 393. 



Viola cucullata, elevation and coloration, 



ii. 511. 

 Viola elatior, seed-dispersal, ii. 835. 

 Viola mirabilis, cleistogamy, ii. 393. 



scent, ii. 201. 



Viola odorata, flower and parts, ii. 279. 



ovary, ii. 73. 



scent, iL 200. 



stamens, ii. 87- 



Viola polychroma, scent, ii. 201, 204. 



Viola sepincola, cleistogamous and other 



flowers, ii. 395. 

 Viola tricolor, autogamous hybrids, ii. 579. 



autogamy, ii. 387. 



colour-contrast in flower, ii. 190. 



periodically pendulous flowers, i. 530. 



pollen-grains, ii. 97, 98. 



scentless, ii. 204. 



seed and embryo, ii. 425. 



stipules, i. 637. 



vitality of spermatoplasm, ii. 96. 



Violet. See Viola. 



Violet-stone. See Trentepohlia lolUMis. 



Violet Willow. See Salix daphnaides. 



Viper's Bugloss. See Echium. 



Virginian Creeper. See Ampdopsis heder- 



acta. 

 Viridiflorge, ii. 758. 

 Viscacese, ii. 754. 

 Viscin, of pollen-grains, ii. 101. 

 Viscum. green cotyledons, i. 622. 



— watery pulp of berries, i. 329. 



Viscum album, attachment to host, sinkers, 

 i. 209. 



berry, i. 427. 



best known and widely distributed 



member of Loranthace«. i. 204. 



branching, i. 749. 



cuticle of leaf, i. 310. 



effect of removing parent plant on 



adventitious buds, i. 210. 



evergreen, i. 212. 



pari passu growth of root and stem, i. 



209. 



pollen grains, ii. 99. 



radicle, mode of attachment, i. 207. 



stamen, ii. 87. 



Viscum raoniliforme, parasitic on V. Orien- 

 tale, India, i. 213. 



Viscum Oiycedri, i. 210. 



Vital force, i. 62, 509. 



and respiration, i. 497. 



Vitality, of protoplasm, i. 51. 



— of seeds, i. 51. 



Vitex Agnus-castus, reserve-buds, ii. 32. 

 Vitis, i. 488. 



Vitis, anthocyanin, i. 484. 



— hybridization in, ii. 570. 



— mite-galls, ii. 529. 



— opening of flower, ii. 211. 



— used for experimental determination of 



root-pressure, i. 272. 



Vitis cordata, distribution of scxe.s, ii. 300. 



Vitis inconstans, tendrils, i. 699. 



Vitis inserta, tendrils, i. 699. 



Vitis macrocirrha, distribution of sexes, ii. 

 298. 



Vitis Royleana, adhesive discs, i. 699. 



Vitis sylvestris, distribution of sexes, ii. 298. 



Vitis vinifera, bark, i. 720. 



berry, ii. 427. 



flower-opening constant, i. 559. 



imperfect flowers, ii. 294. 



scent, ii. 207, 209. 



separation-layers, i. 360. 



Vittaria, protection of sporangia, ii. 13. 



Viviparous, botanical use of term, ii. 454. 



Vöchting, grafting experiments with Helian- 

 thus, ii. 572. 



Vochysia, seed. ii. 423- 



Volva, of Agaricineffl, ii. 689. 



VolvocinesB, movement of, i. 37. 



Volvox aureus, life-history, i. 635. 



Volvox globator, structure, ii. 634. 



known to Leeuwenhoeck. i. 37. 



Vordere Kaiser, limestone chain, character- 

 istic vegetation, ii. 495. 



W. 



Waldsteinia geoides, autogamy, ii. 381. 



winter protection, i. 550. 



Wall, of wood-cells and vessels, nature, i. 277. 



Wall- Pell itory. See Parietaria. 



Wall-rue Spleenwort. See Asplenium Ruta- 



m uraria. 

 Walls, partition, probable significance in 



conducting cells, i. 482. 

 Warming, classification of Thallopbytes, ii. 



606. 

 Wasp of Chalcididie, and Ficus, ii. 159. 

 Wasps, and brown flowers, ii. 197. 

 Water, absorption and exhalation, general 



considerations, i. 226. 



— absorption by aerial organs, i. 156. 



— agent in seed-dispersal, ii. 844. 



— agent in weathering, i. 83. 



— alternating absorption and expulsion by 



epidermal cells, i. 370. 



— and " burning " of planti. i. 554. 



— and carbonic acid, joint effect, ii. 499. 



— and freezing of plants, i. 545. 



— and growth, i. 510. 



— atmospheric, gases in, i. 368. 



— centrifugal transmission of. i. 94. 



— centripetal transmission of, i. 94. 



— circulation of, i. 83. 



— colour of, i. 388. 



— conditions of plant life in, i. 665. 



— conduction, i. 366. 



— conduction and absorption by hairs of 



Stellaria media, i. 228. 



— conveyance, i. 513. 



— depth, and chlorophyll, i. 387. 



— excretion in freezing of plants and salt 



solutions, i. 541. 



— extrusion of, through root-pressiu-e. i. 271. 



— ferment action, i. 465. 



— formation during putrefaction, i. 263. 



— importance to plant as dynamic agent, 



i. 216. 



— loss of constituents through plants not 



directly observable, i. 258. 



— minimum quantity in seeds, importance 



of, regulation of supply, &c., i. 217. 



— obtained from tree - bark by einphytic 



orchids, i. 222. 



— of imbibition, proportion to dry substance, 



i. 217. 



— on plants, a protection, i. 432. 



— path and mode of ascent, ii. 277. 



Water, periodic surrender and resistance to 

 heat, i. 555. 



— proportion to bulk of plant, i, 216. 



— rapidly -flowing, effect on plants, ii. 502. 



— removal, i. 216. 



— role in turgidity, i. 511. 



— Stilland running, relating to nutrition, i.7& 



— supply of, i. 82. 



Water-absorbing apparatus, localization of, 

 in Populns treuiula, &C-. i. 238, 



special, Btniclures of foliage-leaves, 



i, 227. 231. 233. 

 Water-absorption, by aerial organs in moist 



habitats, probable explanation, i. 241. 



by aerial roots, i, 225. 



by leaves not protected against wetting, 



experimental evidence, i. 230. 



by seed. ii. 425. 



by special leaf-teeth in tall herbs, i. 238. 



in liydrophytes, lithophytes, epiphytes, 



and land-plants, i. 217. 



in Lichens, Mosses, Liverworts, i. 218. 



Water-birds disperse fruita, ii. 867. 



Ust of plants dispersed by, ii. 868. 



Water-chestnut. See Trapa. 

 Water-crowfoots. See Ranunculus. 

 Water-hemlock. See Cicuta virosa. 

 Watering, object and result of, i. 225. 

 Water-lilies. See also NymitJiaa, Nupkar, 



Victoria. 



— — epiphyllons buds, ii. 43. 

 habit, i. 66'j. 



pollen-grains, ii. 99. 



shadows of leaves, cause of. i, 289. 



stamens and perianth-leaves, i. 646. 



venation, i. 632. 



Water-lily, amphibious adaptation, i. 425. 



Water Milfoil. See Myriophyllum. 



Water-net. See ffydrodictyon. 



Water Parsnip. See Slum. 



Water-plantain. See Alisma. 



Water plants, absorption of carbonic acid, i. 



61. 

 and land plants, nutrition compared, i. 



78. 



and offshoots, ii. 456. 



and temperature, ii. 503. 



food-absorption, i. 75. 



groups, i. 666. 



importance as mud-collectors, i. 266. 



lime incrustation, i. 61. 



pollination, ii. 130. 



rarely attacked by parasitic Fungi, i, 



169. 



seed-bearing, mode of attachment, i. 77. 



whence obtain ammonia, i. 65. 



Water-pore and honey secretion, ii. 172. 



Water-pores, i. 366. 



Water-receptacles, i. 239. 



organic remains, &c. , found in liquid of, 



1.242. 

 Water-retaining substances, i. 329. 

 Water-soldier. See Stratiotes aloides. 

 Water-star. See Callitriche. 

 Water-starwort. See Callitriche. 

 Water vapour, condensation by Ürchid roots, 



i. 223. 

 exhalation of, practically restricted to 



spongy parenchyma, i. 285. 



maintenance of free passage for, i. 290. 



Water-violet. See Hottonia. 

 Waterwort. See Slatine. 

 Wax. coating of, as protection of stoinata 

 from being wetted, examples, i. 291. 



— in grafting, i. 214. 



— in LangsdorfBas, i. 188. 



— protective coating on leaves, i. 292. 

 Wai-like coating on leaves, use of, i. 226. 

 excretions, protection from excessive 



evaporation, experimental proof, i. 312. 

 Waxy coatings of flowering axes. ii. 237. 

 Weapons, of plants, i. 432, 439. 449. 

 Weather and heterogamy, ii. 390, 



— seed protection against, ii. 447. 

 Weaving stem, mechanical ti.isue, i. 732. 



— undershrubs, i. 673. 

 Webera nutans, habitat, i. 109. 



