ILLUSTRATIONS. 



XI 



Page 



Protection of Pollen in Herb- Robert, Bell-flower, 



Scabious, ....... 



Protection of Pollen in various plants, 



Flowers of Vallisneria spiralis floating on the 



surface of water. 

 The common Alder {Abuts glutinoxa) and its 



flowers, ....--- 

 The Paper Mulberry-tree [Broussonctia papyri- 



fora), 



The Ash {Fraxinus excelsior) and its flowers, 

 Flowers of Avcna elatior, ..... 

 The Elm {Ulmus campestris) with its flowers and 



seed vessels, ...... 



Flowers, &c., of Mountain Pine (Pinus Pumilio), 144 

 Male Flowers of Yew (Taxus baccata), - - 145 

 Hazel (CoT^lus Avellana) with flowers and fruits, 147 

 Curled Pondweed [Potamogeton crispus) in the act 



of pollination, ..... 

 Flowers of Arrow-grass { Triglochiii palustre), 

 The Nottingham Catchfly {Silene nutans) in the 



daytime, . - - . . 

 The Nottingham Catchfly (SiZen« nutans) bynight; 



a flower being visited by a moth. 

 Transport of Pollen by Egg-laying Insects, 

 Arum ccmocephaloides, with the front wall of the 



spathe removed, -...-- 

 Flower of Birthwort (Aristolochia ringens), 

 Honeyless Flower of Argenwne Mexicana with 



abundant pollen, ..... 



Flowers of the Snowflake [Leucojum vernum). 

 Honey-secreting tissue in flowers, ... 

 Nectaries in several flowers, .... 

 Flower of the Snowdrop {Galanthus nivalis), 

 Flower of Narcissus {Narcissus Pseudonarcis- 



sus), ..-.--.. 

 Flower of the Wild Valerian { ValeT^na officinalis), 



cut through longitudinally, . . - - 

 Concealment of Honey in Flowers, 

 Concealment of Honey in Flowers, 

 Examples of Colour.contrasts in Flowers, - 

 Two New Zealand Haastias or"Vcgetable Sheep" 



{Haastia pulvijiaris and Sinclairii), 

 Colour-contrast in the flowers of the Bean ( Vicia 



Paha), 



Narcissus {Narcissus poeticus), showing colour- 

 contrast, ....... 



Preparation of Flowers for Insect-visits in the 



Laburnum {Cytisus Laburnum), - 

 Arrangements for the reception of Insects at the 



entrance to the Flower, 

 Arrangements for the reception of Insects at the 



entrance to the Flower, .... 

 Wood Anemone (4 ncmon« n«moro«o), 

 American Dogwood {Comus fiorida), • 

 Sticky glands as a protection to Flowers, - 

 Sticky Bristles at the edge of the Calyx as a pro- 

 tection to Flowers, ..... 

 Tufts of Hair as a Protection to Flowers, . 



121 



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 139 



143 



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 149 



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157 



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 166 



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 170 

 173 

 174 

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 184 



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 189 

 190 



- 223 



226 



227 

 229 

 231 

 236 



237 

 240 



Fnge 

 Capitula of Scrratula lycopifolia protected by Ants 



from the attacks of a Beetle, . - - 242 

 Contrivances for loading insects with pollen, . 246 

 Longitudinal section through a flower of the 



Evening Prin\rose {(L'nothera biennis), ■ 247 



Contrivances for ensuring the deposition of pollen 



on insect-visitors, ..... 249 

 Withdrawal and deposition of poUinia in the 



flowers of an Orchid, .... - 255 

 Clip-mechanism for fastening the poUinia of As- 



clcpias Cornuti to the feet of insects, - - 258 

 Apparatus for pumping pollen on to the bodies of 



insects, ..,..._ 261 

 Transference of pollen to the bodies of insects by 



means of mechanism of the percussive type, 262 

 Explosive apparatus for the transfer of pollen to 



the bodies of insects, .... - 265 

 Explosive appar,<itus in a papilionaceons flower, - 266 

 Transference of pollen to the bodies of insects by 



means of explosive apparatus, - - - 267 

 Expulsive appar.itus in Orchid-flowers : flower of 



Catasctuiii tridentatum, .... 269 

 Flower of Pcdicularis recutita, - . - - 272 

 Sprinkling apparatus of various plants, - - 273 

 Sprinkling apparatus, ..... 275 



Arrangements for the Retention of the deposited 



Pollen, 279 



Deposition of the Pollen in Mimulus luteus, - 280 

 Evening Primrose {(Enothera biennis), ■ - 282 

 Calabar or Ordeal Bean {Pkysostigma venenosxtm), 285 

 Types of the 1st to 10th classes of the Linnean 



System, 289 



Types of the 13th, 14th, 15th, 16th, 18th, and 20th 



classes of the Linnean System, . - - 292 

 Types of the 11th, 12th, 17th, and 21st classes of 



the Linnean System, ... - - 293 

 Type of a moncEcious plant : Common Oak 



(Quercus pedunxv/ata), .... 298 

 Type of a dioecious plant : Crack Willow {Salix 



fragilis), 299 



Heterostyled flowers : Primrose and others, . 302 



Change of Position of Anthers and Stigmas, - 305 

 Flower of the Rue (Ruta graveolens), - - - 306 



Completely dichogamous Flowers {Geranium, 



Parietaria), ...... 307 



Dichogamy in Saxifraga rotundifolia, - - 308 

 Incompletely dichogamous Flowers (Epilobium, 



Eremurus), ...... 309 



Geitonogamy with adherent pollen, ... 320 

 Geitonogamy with dust-like pollen, - - - 329 

 Autogamy effected by the inclination of curved 



stamens, ....... 342 



Autogamy effected by inclination of curved 



stamens {Circaa, Agrimonia), ... 343 

 Autogamy brought about by elongation of the 



the pistil (Epimedium alpinum), ■ - ■ 349 

 Autogamy effected by means of an inflection of 



the style, 351 



