Xll 



ILLUSTRATIONS. 



Page 

 Autogamy in the flowers of the Willow-herb 



{Epilobitim angustifolium), . - - . 354 

 Autogamy by means of spiral twistings of stamens 



and style, --..-.- 357 

 Autogamy by means of a crossing or a bending 



back of the style-branches, ... - 360 

 Autogamy effected by means of an inflection of 



the style-branches (Arnica, Senecio), ■ - 363 

 Autogamy effected by the petals, - - - 369 

 Autogamy effected by means of the corolla [Gen- 



tiana asclepiadea), . . . . . 372 



Autogamy effected by means of the corolla {Pedi- 



cularis incarnata), . . . . . 375 



Autogamy caused by inflection of the flower-stalk 



and the adjustment of the under-lip to form 



an inclined plane down which pollen slides 



to the stigma: Calceolaria Pavonii, - - 380 



Autogamy caused by the combined inflections of 



pedicelandstamen-filaments: Pyrolauniflora, 383 

 Autogamy through inflection of the pedicel and 

 disarticulation of the corolla : Phyijdius 

 capensis, ....... 384 



Autogamy resulting from an inflection of the 

 pedicel accompanied by spiral torsion of the 

 filaments: C'oba:a scandcns, - ■ ■ - 385 

 Autogamy resulting from inflection of the pedicel 

 combined with inclination of the style to the 

 place where the pollen has been deposited; 

 Allium ChamcBmoly^ - . . . . 386 



Autogamy resulting from inflection of the pedicel 

 combined with the folding up of the corolla : 

 Gentiana Clusii, ------ 388 



Development of Pollen-tubes in Lilium Martagon 



and Avena elatior, ..... 409 



The course of the pollen-tubes in a Kock-rose 



{Hdianthemuin marifolium), - - - 411 

 Chalazogamio fertilization in the Hornbeam [Car- 



pinus Betulus), ...... 412 



Chalazogamio fertilization in the Alder (Alnus 



glutinosa). Diagrammatic, - . -413 



Fertilization in Ephedra and Ornithogalum^ - 415 

 Embryo-sac of Monotropa, - - - .417 



Seeds with a Reserve-tissue, .... 422 



Seeds with winged and hairy appendages, . - 423 

 Polar Willow (Salix polaris) with opened fruits 



showing masses of hairy seeds escaping, - 424 

 Seeds with caruncles and hilar scars, - - - 425 

 Branch of Mezereon {Daphne Mezcreum) with 

 berries. Fruiting branch of the Lime (Tilia) 

 with downy hairs investing the nut-like fruits, 426 

 Indehiscent fruits and schizocarps, ... 427 

 Winged fruits or samaras of the Ash, &c., - . 428 

 Flowering branch of Baiiksia scrrata with thick- 

 walled dehiscent capsules, . - - - 429 

 Various capsular fruits, - - - - .431 



Achenes provided with a plume or pappus, - 432 



The Hornbeam {Carpinus Betulua) in fruit, • 433 

 Fruits with persistent receptacles, - - - 434 



Page 

 Fruits with Cupules: Acorns, .... 435 

 Fruits in whose structure the receptacle and pedi- 

 cel take a share: Cashew-nut, • - - 436 

 Collective and aggregate fruits: Betel, Sweet-sop, 



and Sour-sop, - . . . . - 437 

 Branch of the Bread-fruit Tree {Artocarpus in- 



cisa), with flowers and fruit, • - - 438 



The Lotus Lily {Nelumbium speciosum)^ - • 439 



Flower of the Lotus Lily [Nelumbium speciosum), 440 

 Fruit and Seed of Coniferae: Silver Fir, Scotch 



Pine, Larch, ...... 441 



Fruits and Seeds of Coniferae: Yew, Arbor Vitse, 



Juniper, .-.-.-. 442 



Coniferous Fruits and Seeds, .... 443 

 Protection of ripening seeds against animals: 



Auatto, ....... 444 



Protection of ripening seeds against animals : 



Mimosa, Chestnut, &c., .... 445 



Protection of seeds against wet, .... 448 

 Branch of Mangrove Tree {Bhizophora Mangle), 



with flowers and fruits, .... 451 



Bulbils replacing flowers and fruits, - - - 455 

 Flowers and fruits replaced by tubers and bud-like 



offshoots, 460 



Flowers and fruits replaced by bulbils. The 



Coral-root {Dentaria bulbifera), - - - 461 



The .annual Dog's Mercury (Mercurialis annua), 466 

 Alternation of Generations in Ferns, - - - 472 



Tree-ferns (AhophUa) in Cejdon, - - - 473 

 Bhipidopieris peltata, with sterile and fertile 



fronds, 474 



Stag's-hom Fern (Platyccrium alcicorne), - - 475 



Alternation of Generations in Mosses, . - 477 



Alternation of Generations in Mosses, - - 479 

 Asexual and sexual reproduction in Saprolegni- 



aceae, -....-.. 480 



Asexual and sexual reproduction in the Mucorini, 481 



Larch trees [Larix europaa), .... 483 



Myxomycetous Fungi and their fructification, - 491 



Magnified Examples of Desmidieae, - - - 492 

 Fungus-galls on Juniperus contmnnis and Aronia 



rotundifolia, ...... 521 



Various Galls and their effects on plants, - - 523 

 A Witches' Broom on the Silver Fir, produced 



by Jicidium elatinum, .... 526 



Galls in section and otherwise, .... 531 



Various Galls on Leaves, ..... 533 



Galls on Spruce, Poplar, Oak, &c., ... 534 



SoUd Galls on Lime and Celastrus, • ■ ■ 539 



Various Oak-galls, ...--. 541 



Spirophyton from the Upper Devonian Rocks, - 610 

 Riella helicophylla growing under water, - -611 



Myxomycetes or Slime-fungi, .... 618 



Various Examples of Bacteria, .... 624 



Highly-magnified Examples of Diatoms, . . 626 



Hydrodiotyaceae, with Zoospores, - . - 640 



Ulothrix zonata, with Gametes and Zoospores, - 649 



Various Examples of Desmids, .... 655 



