ILLUSTRATIONS. 



xin 



Page 

 Spirogyra, ....... 657 



Structure and reproduction of f/inra/rayiYi's, - 660 

 LaminariaceEe, with perforated fronds, - - 662 

 Fucus vcsiculosus (Bladder-wrack): female con- 



ceptacle, &c., ...... 663 



Fucits vcsicuiosus: male conceptacle, &c., - - 66-1 

 A branch of the Gulf-weed, Saryassum bacciferiim, 



with leaves and air-sacs, .... 665 



ChytridiaceiB and Ancvlistaceae, - - - 668 



Swarm-spores in Saprolegniacea: and Chy tridiaceae, 669 

 The False Vine-mildew, Peronospora vilicola, • 670 

 Aclilya lifjnicola and its Reproduction, - - 671 



Kntomophthorese; Entoinophihora and Empusa, - 672 

 Mucor and its Reproduction, .... 673 



Ascomycetes, - - - - - - -679 



The Ergot of Rye, CTaojceps jpurpureo, -' .680 

 Various Ascomycetes, ..... 6S1 



The Morel and other Discomycetes, - - - 683 

 Portion of a lamella of an Atjarlcus with a basi- 



dial layer, 684 



Basidiomycetes: various species of Fungi, . - 685 

 Gasteromycetes: Puff-ball, Earth-star, &c., - 690 



Lichens, 693 



Gelatinous Lichens, .---.. 694 

 Crustaceons Lichen: Lccanora escuJenta, - - 695 

 Vertical section through an air-chamber of the 



Liverwort Marehantia polymorplia, - - 697 

 Jnngermanniaceae: Scale-mosses, ... 698 

 Mosses and their Spore-capsules, &c., - - - 700 

 Mosses, with details of structure, ... 701 

 Spore-capsules of Mosses, ..... 703 

 Various Ferns, --....- 707 



Life-history of a Fern, 708 



Hydropterides or Rhizocarps, .... 710 

 Equisetacese or Horsetails, .... 712 



Club-moss: Lycopodium annotinum, ■ - - 714 

 Lycopodiales, with details of structure, - . 716 

 A group of Cyeas reioluta, - - . - 719 



Female Cone and Scales in Abietineae, - - 721 

 Flowers, &c., of Mountain Pine {Pinus Pumilio), 722 

 The Scotch Pine (Pinus sylvestris), ■ - - 723 

 The .4rolla Pine (Pinus Cembra), - - . 724 

 Wdwilsckia mirabilis in its natural surroundings, 727 

 Liliiflorae: Examples of the Lily Alliance, - - 729 

 Atphoddus ramosus at Paestum (Southern Italy), 730 

 The New Zealand flax (Phonnium tenax), ■ - 731 

 Adam's Needle ( Yucca gloriosa), ... 730 



JSchmca paniculata (family Bromeliaceje), - - 733 

 The Traveller's 'TTee(KavmalaMadayascariensis), 735 

 AnijTacum eburitcum, an Orchid epiphytic on a 



tree-trunk, -.-.... 737 

 Curled Pondweed (Potamogeton crispus), - ■ 739 

 Primeval forest in Ceylon with Climbing Palms 



(Calamus) and Areca disticha, - . . 741 

 Aroids (Arum maculatum, Colocasia antiquorum, 



&c.), 742 



Rapltidophora decursiva climbing in a primeval 



forest of the tropical Himalayas, - 743 



Climbing Aroids (Philodendron pcrtusum and P. 



Imbc) with cord-like aerial roots. 

 Papyrus Plant (Papyrusantiqv^yrum) in theUpper 



Nile, 



Marvel of Peru (Mirabilis Jalapa), - 



Proteales: Flower and Fruit of Banksia, - 



Daphnales: Camphor, Flowers of Cinnamon and 



Mezereum, --.--.. 



"Living bridge" formed of the aerial roots of 



the India-rubber and other kinds of Figs in 



Sikkim-Hiinalaya, . . . . . 



Amentales: Catkins of Birch and Hornbeam, 

 Flowers and Fruit of Oak (Qucrcus sessilißora), - 

 The Common Beech (Faijus sylvatica), 

 Caprifoliales : Ipecacuanha (Ccphaelis Ipecacu- 

 anha), ....... 



Ericales : Flowers and Fruit of Strawberry-tree 

 (Arbutus Unedo), . . . . . 



Acanthaceoe: Acayithus 7Hollis, . . . . 



Ranunculacece: Black Hellebore and jMousetail, - 

 The Indian Lotus [jVelw/ibium S23eciosum), grow- 

 ing in a marsh, near Pekin, 

 Parietales: sections of 6ower-bud and ovary, 

 Disciflorai; Euonymus, Quassia, &c., • 

 Crateranthse: sections of flowers, 

 Myrtales: Flower of Melaleuca; Flower-bud and 



Fruit of Eucalyptus, 



Melastomaceee: Mdastoma Malahathricum, 

 Cactaceae : several species of Cactus, • 

 UmbeUales: Umbellifers with Fruit and Flowers, 

 Fairy Rings in a meadow near Trins in the Tyrol, 

 formed by the ascomycetous fungus Spathu- 

 lariaflavida, ...... 



Plants with tubers and bulbs whose mode of 



growth leads to the formation of colonies 



arranged in lines and clusters, 



A section through soil permeated by the proto- 



nemal threads of the Moss Pottia intermedia. 



Formation of a clustered colony by means of 



aerial runners in Saxifraga flagellaris, 

 Frogbit (Hydrocliaris Morsus-rance): winter buds 

 in process of detachment, .... 



Frogbit : winter buds rising to the surface and 



young plants developed from them, 

 Trichia clavata, showing capillitium and spores, - 

 Dispersal of spores by wind: spore-cajwules in 

 damp and in dry weather, . . - - 

 Spores of the Horse-tail (Equisetum Tdmateja), - 

 Polygonum viviparum and its aerial tubers, 

 Houseleek (Sempervivum soboliferum) with ball- 

 shaped offshoots, ..... 



The formation of offshoots in Sedum dasyphylluvi. 

 The formation of offshoots in Kleinia articulata. 

 Distribution of spores by expulsive mechanisms. 

 Distribution of detached sprout-like offshoots by 



means of animals, . - . - 



Sling-fruits: Ecballium daterium, Oxalis Aeeto 



sdia, .-.--•- 



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