THE STUDY OF PLANTS IN ANCIENT AND MODERN TIMES. il 
and in the parts of the stamens termed anthers “ pollen-grains” are developed “in 
which an extremely pure sap is stored.” Adjoining these pollen-producing leaves, 
Fig. 2.—Metamorphoses of Leaves as exhibited by the Poppy. 
1Germinating plant with cotyledons. 2 and 3 The same plant further developed and with foliage-leaves; in % the 
cotyledons and lowest foliage-leaves are already withered. 4 The same plant with a flower-bud showing the closed 
sepals. 5 The bud open and with petals, stamens, and carpels (pistil) developed. 
where contraction has reached its extreme limit, is the sixth and last story, which 
is composed of leaves, once more less closely-set, and exhibiting a final expansion 
on the part of the plant. These are the carpels, which surround the highest part 
