CARNIVOROUS PLANTS WITH ADHESIVE APPARATUS. 153 
the lamina, especially along the midrib, there are pointed hairs, whilst a great 
number of glands, some larger and some smaller, occur from the midrib to nearly 
the middle of each lobe. The larger glands are discoid, and not unlike the sessile 
glands on the leaves of Pinguicula. They consist of four median cells with 
twelve others grouped round about them, and are borne upon a very short stalk. 
The small glands are few-celled, being usually composed simply of a capitate-cell 
resting upon a short foot-cell (see fig. 28°). Towards the incurved margin of the 
lamina are displayed scattered stellate hairs, i.e. groups of cells so arranged as 
to present the appearance of a St. Andrew's cross when seen from above. 
If minute animals or Diatomacex, especially species of Navicula, whilst 
swimming about in the water, touch the upper surfaces of the lobes set at right- 
angles—in particular, if the hairs in the middle are stroked as they creep 
by—the two lobes shut together quickly in the same way as those of Dionwa, and 
the animal or Navicula, as the case may be, is then enclosed in a cage between 
two somewhat inflated walls. The possibility of an attempt on the part of the 
captive to escape by the place where the margins of the lamina meet is met by the 
circumstance that the edges of the incurved margins are furnished with sharp 
indentations turned towards the interior of the cavity enclosed between the lobes 
(see fig. 28°). 
Amongst the prisoners we find the same company as in the traps of Utricularia, 
namely, small species of Cyclops, Daphnia, and Oypris, larvee of aquatic insects, and 
not infrequently also species of Navicula and other free and solitary Diatomacee. 
How the prey is killed and digested has not yet been ascertained. It does not 
in any case take place so quickly as in Dion«a, for instances have been seen of 
animals still living in their prison six days after being caught. But, at last, move- 
ments and vital actions cease, and if after a couple of weeks the two lobes of the 
lamina are pulled apart, the only contents to be found are shells, bristles, rings, and 
siliceous skeletons, whilst everything soluble has vanished, having evidently been 
absorbed. 
Very similar to the species distributed through Southern and Central Europe 
are Aldrovandia australis, a native of Australia, and Aldrovandia verticillata, 
inhabiting tropical India. The fact that the remains of small aquatic beetles 
and other creatures have been found within their closed lamine, leads us to the 
conclusion that they act as entrappers of animals in the same way as Aldro- 
vandia vesiculosa. 
CARNIVOROUS PLANTS WITH ADHESIVE APPARATUS. 
The forms constituting the third section of carnivorous plants neither have pit- 
falls nor move in response to the contact of animal matter, but the leaves act as 
motionless limed twigs, their glands having the power of pouring out sticky sub- 
stances to capture prey and juices to digest it, being able besides to re-absorb the 
albuminoid compounds dissolved. The most striking representative of this section, 
