BROOM-RAPES, BALANOPHOREH, RAFFLESIACE. 201 
termed a floral cushion. The cells in this cushion, however, now group them- 
selves in a definite way; ducts and vessels are produced, and, at the same time, 
a differentiation into axis and flowers is exhibited. These members continue their 
development, increase in size, and finally the enlarged bud breaks through the 
cortex of the host-plant under shelter of which it has been evolved. 
In the genus Cytinus alone do we find a stem richly furnished with leaves and 
bearing at the top a flattened symmetrical tuft of flowers (see fig. 42, left-hand 
side) developed from this bud; in the rest of the RafHesiaces, the bud, which has 
My 
Fig. 43.—Rafflesiacew parasitic on trunks and branches. 
1 Pilostyles Haussknechtii. 2 Apodanthes Flacourtiana. 3 Pilostyles Caulotreti, 
emerged from beneath the cortex of the host, is the flower-bud itself. The axis 
supporting the bud is extremely abbreviated and clothed merely by a few scales, 
and the flowers are sessile directly upon the root or stem of the host (see fig. 43). 
In the case of roots creeping upon the ground, the buds always emerge only on the 
side turned towards the light; on lianes, also, they are only formed on the side more 
exposed to light where subsequently the opened flowers are easily accessible to 
flying insects (see fig. 43°); on upright shrubs and under-shrubs, on the other hand, 
they burst forth on all sides upon the branches. Branches of this kind bearing 
ubiquitously extruded flowers of a parasite such as Apodanthes Flacourtiana (see 
fig. 432) look delusively like the Mezereon (Daphne Mezerewm) when the latter is 
in bloom in the early spring before the development of foliage-leaves, its woody 
branches being similarly studded all round with flowers, which stand out horizontally 
