32 Violaceai — Polygalaceae. 



ORDER 9. — Violaceae. 



Leaves alternate stipulate. Calyx polysepalous inferior, sepals 5 persistent. 

 Corolla polypetalous irregular, petals 5. Stamens 5 hypogynous. Pistil 

 syncarpous, of 3 carpels. Stigma oblique. Ovary i-celled many-seeded, 

 placentation parietal, dehiscence loculicidal. 



I.— VIOLA. 



Stipules small, 161 

 Stipules leafy, 162 



161 Stem very short 163 



161 Stem evident, Viola canina. 



162 Root stock none, Viola tricolor. 



162 Root stock branched, Viola lutea. 



163 Leaves very hairy, Viola hirta. 



163 Leaves glabrous or slightly hairy, 164 



164 Peduncles of fruit erect, Viola palustris. 



164 Peduncles of fruit prostrate, Viola odorata. 



VrOLA PALUS'TRIS {103). Marsh Violet. 4—7. Leaves cordate 



(164) or reniform glabrous, sepals obtuse, spur very short, flowers pale lilac. 

 Swamps and bogs. 



VI'OLA ODORA'TA (79). Sweet Violet. 3—4. Stem with runners, 



(165) leaves cordate pubescent, spur straight, sepals obtuse, flowers purple 

 or white fragrant. Banks. 



VI'OLA HIR'TA (71). Hairy Violet. 4—5. Runners none, leaves cordate 



(166) hairy, sepals obtuse, spur hooked. Dry places. 



VI'OLA CANI'NA (112). Dog Violet. 5—8. Sepals acute, leaves 

 (167, 168, 170, 171) ovato-cordate crenate, petioles long, stem branching. 



Woods and banks. 



VI'OLA TRrCOLOR (no). Pansy. 5—9. Stem branched, stipules 

 (173, 174) leafy pinnatifid, leaves oblong crenate, flowers purple and yellow. 

 Pastures. 



VI'OLA LU'TEA (62). Yellow Pansy. 5—9. Underground stems re- 

 {176) sembling fibrous roots, leaves oblong crenate, stem branched very 



slender at the base, stipules leafy pinnatifid, flowers yellow sometimes 



partly puqole. Hilly disfricts. 



ORDER 10 — Polygalace^. 



Calyx polysepalous inferior, sepals 5 irregular, the 2 interior petaloid. 

 Petals 3, hypogynous. Stamens 8, diadelphous hypogynous. Style single, 

 hooded at the apex. Stigma oblique, ovary 2-celled. 



