CHAR.EAS GRAMINIS IN DEVON. ll 



conspicuis ; inferioribus in-feter margiiieiii apicis li^'alino-vires- 

 centeiii, rnbris immaculatis." This only serves for the female of 

 our form, as the males never have white scales, or, asHochenwarth 

 afterwards, in his extended characters of his exulans, says, " feet 

 whitish or yellowish." Our males have always black feet. And 

 then Hochenwarth gives size as "equal to ' S. statices' or ' S.^filt- 

 jx'iidiihe'" ; certainly our Braemar insect never reaches the size 

 of fiUppnduhe, but the continental does, and some of Mr. Tutt's 

 specimens were even considerably larger than that. The largest 

 subochracea I have ever seen, and only one, is IxV i"-, and the 

 smallest is 1 in. only; an average male is I5- in. 



Dalman's description is almost better, so far as our Scotch 

 insect is concerned. Dalman says of Z. exulans : — " Alis anticis 

 fusco-virescentibus subdiaphanis, subtus concoloribus, maculis 

 quinque rubris insequalibus (venis albidis), posticis rubris margins 

 fusco-virescenti ; antennis vix clavatis ; pedibus luteis." This, 

 too, onl}' describes the female ; but Mr. Tutt opines that our 

 Scotch form is Dalman's Z. vanadis, which up to a certain point 

 does agree with the Braemar male insect. Dalman's description of 

 vanadis is, " Alis anticis fusco-virescentibus subdiaphanis maculis 

 quinque rubris, basali exteriori elongata, posticis rubris margine 

 fusco diaphano latiore ; corpore pedibusque nigris pilosis ; an- 

 tennis brevibus clava crassa. Habitat in Lapponia." This is 

 fairly well, but how does Dalman's further description agree ? 

 He says, " MacuhiB quinque rubrte, colore et ordine ut in Z. loni- 

 certe." Who ever saw a Scotch exulans of the colour of loniceree ? 

 I never did, and I may safely say I have seen more Braemar 

 exulans than any other lepidopterist. It is just this great colour 

 difference that renders Dr. White's name of subochracea not only 

 characteristic, but necessary ; and I believe that the Scotch form 

 of Z. exulans will continue to be known by this name, notwith- 

 standing Mr. Tutt's attempt to sink it m favour of vanadis. 

 Dalman's vanadis is simply the male form, and in no way includes 

 the female character ; whilst Dr. White's subocliracea covers both 

 sexes {vide Entom. vi. 22-25). 



Greenwich. 



N.B. — The Latin descriptions of Hochenwarth and Dalman 

 are copied from the * Kecord,' as I have not the originals to refer 

 to.— W. H. T. 



CHAR.EAS GRAMINIS IN DEVON. 



By Major John N. Still, F.E.S. 



Judging from the remarks made by Newman (Brit. Moths, 

 293), who quotes Linnaeus on the damage done by the larvae of 

 this insect m Sweden, the account by the same author of the 



