70 



THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 



Each of US was quite uninformed, until the conclusion of the 

 experiments, of what the other was doing, and the general corre- 

 spondence of results, where the. subjects were the same and the 

 conditions similar, has therefore the effect of independent con- 

 firmatory testimony. Some of Dr. Standfuss's results, however, 

 have been obtained with species which were either not tried by 

 me, or not successfully so ; and where the species were the same, 

 it will be found that his observations cover many points to which 

 mine did not extend. 



As regards my failure to obtain any results from P. machaon 

 and P. podalirius, it was probably because I had only the winter 

 pupae to experiment on ; and as regards V. antiopa, because the 

 pupae were not fresh enough. 



To suit English readers, the degrees according to Fahrenheit's 

 scale have been appended to those of the Centigrade scale used 

 by the author. 



In compliance with a suggestion made to me, I append a 

 statement of the papers, dispersed through several volumes of 

 the Entomological Society's Transactions, describing my experi- 

 ments, as these, taken together with Dr. Standfuss's very com- 

 prehensive paper, and the publications of Dorfmeister, Weismann, 

 W. H. Edwards, and Stange, mentioned in Dr. Standfuss's paper, 

 to which should be added the additional observations described 

 in the English edition of Weismann's * Studies in the Theory of 

 Descent,' by Prof. Meldola (1882), will, I believe, be found to 

 contain nearly all that has been published on the subject. In 

 connection with the phylogeny of some of the principal subjects 

 of the experiments, viz., the Vanessidae and the Pierinae, Dr. 

 Dixey's two papers should be referred to — that " On the Phylo- 

 genetic Significance of the Wing-markings in certain Genera of 

 the Nymphahdffi," Feb. 5th, 1890 (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. for 

 1891, p. 89) ; and that "On the Phylogeny of the Pierinae, as 

 Illustrated by their Wing-markings and Geographical Dis- 

 tribution," Feb. 7th, 1894 (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. for 1894, 

 p. 249). 



Dorfmeister's work has not, I believe, been translated into 

 English, but there is a rather full statement of his experiments, 

 with observations upon them, in Prof. Eimer's * Organic Evolu- 

 tion,' translated by Cunningham (Macmillan, 1890). 



Papers in Entomological Society's Transactions. 



1887, Dec. 7th (Trans. 1888, p. 12S).—Seleniabilunaria {illunaria); 

 forcing eggs and larvte, several broods in succession. 



1888, Dec. 5th (Trans. 1889, p. l^).—8elenia bilunaria, 8. tetra- 

 lunaria [illustraria), and Ennomos autumnaria [alniaria) ; forcing and 

 cooling in different stages. 



1889, Dec. 4th (Trans. 1891, p. 131).— S. hilunana andS. tetralumrria, 

 and E. autumnaria ; forcing and cooling in egg, and larval, pupal, and 



