LIFE -HISTORY OF ORNITHOPTERA RICHMONDII. 95 



pair of spines nearly vertical. Height about an eighth of an 

 inch. 



Fourth segment.— A pair of yellow caruncles in place of legs. 

 Above these another pair of yellow caruncles. Above again, the 

 lateral spines. Then a pair of spiracles. Above them another 

 pair of short spines, the last of the intermediate row. Lastly, 

 the dorsal spines nearly vertical. 



Fifth segment.— Pair of yellow caruncles in place of legs. 

 Above them another pair. Again above, the lateral spines. 

 Then spiracles, and lastly the dorsal spines, inclined a little 

 outwards. 



Sixth segment.— Pair of claspers. Two pairs of caruncles, 

 one above another. Spiracles. Dorsal spines inclined slightly 

 outwards. 



Seventh segment.— Pair of claspers. Pair of yellow caruncles 

 immediately above claspers. A little higher and to the front of 

 claspers, the lateral spines. Spiracles. Dorsal spines inclimng 

 a little outward. N.B.— In this pair of spines the band of yellow 

 is broader than in any of the others. 



Eighth segment. -Same as seventh, except as to colour 

 of dorsal spines. 



Ninth segment.— Same as eighth. 



Tenth segment. —Lateral spines. Last pair of spiracles. 

 Dorsal spines, with increased outward and slightly backward 

 incline. 



Eleventh segment.— Pair of lateral spines, and dorsal pair 

 inclining outward and backward. 



Twelfth segment.— A single pair of spines belonging to the 

 dorsal row, a quarter-inch long, projecting laterally, with slight 

 upward and strong backward incline. Below these is the anal 

 aperture, with a yellow caruncle on each side, and the last pan- 

 of claspers below. 



The egg, when recently laid, is of a pale ochre-colour, and as 

 the time approaches for the young caterpillar to emerge, changes 

 to a muddy brownish yellow. It is deposited on the under side 

 of the leaf, and is so soft when laid that it flattens against it, and 

 is very firmly glued on. When first the young caterpillars leave 

 the egg they are of a brownish claret-colour, with the head black. 

 All the spines, with the exception of the dorsal pair on the 

 seventh segment, which are yellow at the base, are of the colour 

 of the body for the first half^f their length ; the remaining half 

 is black and covered with fine transverse spines branching in 

 every direction. When about a third of an inch long they 

 change their skin, the transverse spines disappear, and the 

 dorsal pair of spines on the seventh segment are a bright yellow 

 for nearly the whole of their length. The yellow bands on the 

 other spines do not make their appearance till later. Up to the 

 time when the caterpillars are an inch or more in length, this 



K 2 



