VARIATION AND ABERRATION IN BUTTERFLIES. Ill 



boundary between the basal brown and the marginal yellow, and 

 in which occur the groups of blue scales, is here resolved into 

 isolated black wedge-shaped spots, the centres of which are 

 embellished with blue. 



Thus there appeared features like those shown at the present 

 day by V. urticce, L., V.polychloros, L., &c., on the upper surface 

 of the hind wing. 



Internally to the black wedge-shaped marks on both wings, 

 and with especial distinctness below the yellowish wedge on the 

 apex of the fore wing, are found yellowish scales like those that 

 occur very plainly in certain cooled forms of V. polychloros. 



Moreover, in a few individuals there appear, in the light 

 brown area of the wing, two large dark spots just in the position 

 of the two spots near the centre of the fore wing in V. 2)oli/c]doros, 

 V. urticcB, &c. 



Besides this, the spots on the costal margin, shown by V. 

 pohjcJdoros and its nearest relatives, appear as dark markings in 

 these lighter-coloured specimens of T". antiopa. 



In correspondence with these features of the upper surface, 

 the under side also, especially of the hind wing, exhibits a sub- 

 stantial approach to the type of the jwlycliloros group ; inasmuch 

 as the details of the pattern which in V. antiopa are usually so 

 confused stand out more clearly from the ground colour ; being 

 in these forms distinctly outlined with brown scales, quite 

 similarly, in fact, to what has been described above in the cooled 

 form of V. io. 



(2) Thirty-nine days in the refrigerator, 14 — 16 at the normal 

 temperature. 



The most conspicuous features of this form are the increase 

 of the blue and the narrowing of the yellow outer border of both 

 pairs of wings. The brown ground colour is also somewhat 

 darkened, more so on the hind wing than the fore wing, as com- 

 pared with normal specimens. In a few specimens the blue of 

 the hind wing not only reaches right up to the yellow border, but 

 also intrudes into it in the form of more or less acute projections. 

 This last form is of quite singular beauty. 



The under side has the pale outer border similarly narrowed, 

 and shows slight indications of an approach to the type of 

 F. polychloros, &c., resulting, as in the case of the above-de- 

 scribed form, from the arrangement of the brownish scales. In 

 other respects, however, there is no marked deviation from the 

 normal. 



(3) Forty-four days in the refrigerator, 15 — 19 days at the 

 normal temperature, CO per cent, of the butterflies emerghig in 

 good condition. 



Upper surface. —The yellow outer band becomes, as a rule, 

 still further narrowed, and acquires a plentiful admixture of 

 black scales. 



l2 



