128 THE ENTOMOLOGIST, 



left side of the individual. There are three incomplete antennae 

 (a, h, c), each of which, however, is rendered complete by parts 

 (sc, 2, 8), which are common property, as it were, of itself and of 

 one or both of the other incomplete antennte. If the joints, 

 commencing at each of the three outer extremities and going to 

 the base of the whole, be counted, it will be found that a and h have 

 each ten joints, while c has eleven. There being three antennae 

 on one side of the body, two of them are, of course, in excess of 

 what is natural. If we look at the three we note that c, if placed 

 erect, is a left-hand antenna, and thus, taken in conjunction 

 with the antenna of the other side of the body, forms a natural 

 pair. The reverse of this is the case with h, which it will be 

 noticed is a right-hand antenna, though placed on the left side 

 of the body ; this antenna is therefore clearly unnatural : a is 

 again,^ like c, a left-hand antenna, and if h and c were taken 

 away it would form, with the antenna on the other side of the 

 body, a natural pair. It would thus appear that either the pair 

 a h or the pair ^ c is supernumerary. There are, however, 

 certain facts that create a strong presumption that the pair a b 

 are really parts added to a normal antenna, c. We have seen 

 that h is certainly an interpolation ; now, as a pairs with it, we 

 may conclude that a is the fellow of h, and h being an interpola- 

 tion, it is probable that a is also such. This presumption is 

 supported by the numbers of joints in the three organs. The 

 natural number of joints in a normal antenna of Lucauus cervus 

 is ten.^ As we have already mentioned, a and h agree together 

 in having ten joints, of which sc and 2 are common to both ; c, 

 however, has, if we count the joint 2 as belonging to it, eleven 

 joints, or one more than is natural in Lucanus. But the joint 2 

 is the common property of a and h, and if we do not count it as 

 forming any part of c, then the latter has the natural number of 

 joints, ten. Thus, if we take it that the pair a h, including their 

 common joint 2, is an interpolation between two joints of the 

 normal antenna, sc, c, there is clearly much in favour of our 

 assumption. There is a further piece of evidence that c repre- 

 sents the normal left antenna, for if its club be looked at it will 

 be seen that, like the club of the natural antenna on the other 

 side of the body, it consists of four joints ; so that the two pair 

 with one another in this respect : a and b have each five joints in 

 the club, so that they pair with one another in this respect, but 

 do not agree with either c or the natural antenna. 



Several other points of interest are suggested by this remark- 

 ably perfect monstrosity, but in the absence of a minute exami- 

 nation of the specimen — which we understand is the property of 

 an institution in Vienna — it is impossible to form an opinion 

 about them. We may, however, remark, in connection with the 

 number of joints in the club, that this character is subject to 

 variation in Lucanus cervus, though it is the rule that some of the 



