A CATALOGUE OF THE LEPIDOPTERA OF IRELAND. 251 



August, 1858 (B.) ; two at Ardrahan {Harker) ; two at Clonbrock 

 [B. E. D.). 



Triph^ena comes, Hh. (orhona, Fb.). — Universally common. 

 Among its variations is one approaching the red Scotch form, 

 but not, I think, of so deep a tint. This occurs at Howth; Sligo; 

 Old Head of Kinsale, Co. Cork; Armagh and Coolmore, Co. 

 Donegal (J.) ; also at Clonbrock with other remarkable forms 

 (R. E. D.). The clay-coloured aberration is widely distributed 

 and not infrequent. 



Triph^na pronuba, L. — Everywhere very common, and in 

 every grade of variation. Some of the finest of these I saw in 

 great numbers at Toberdaly, King's Co. The var. hocgi, H.-S., 

 occurs in Ireland, characterised by the apical lunule on the 

 hind wing. 



Amphipyra pyramidea, L. — Apparently confined to the southern 

 half of Ireland, where, as at Clonbrock, it is very abundant. 

 But it is apparently very local. Abundant at Killarney (B.) and 

 near Kenmare ; and at Cappagh, Co. Waterford ; not scarce 

 about Glandore and Bandon (L.), Co. Cork ; scarce at Moycullen, 

 Connemara, but common elsewhere in the Co. Galway, as at 

 Castle Taylor, &c. Athlone. It has occurred at Cromlyn rarely 

 {Mrs. B.), and Killynon {Miss R.), where it became common in 

 1893. Single specimens at Howth {G. V. H.), and Lissadell, 

 Co. Sligo, mark its northerly limits on the east and west coasts. 



Amphipyra tragopogonis, L. — Everywhere common. 



Mania typica, L. — In varying abundance in most localities. 



Mania maura, L. — A^ery widely spread from north to south, 

 usually in scanty numbers. But in Kerry I have seen six 

 at a time on the sugar ; and at Castle Bellingham, Co. Louth ; 

 Corkhill, Co. Tyrone ; and Castle Taylor, Co. Galway, it is also 

 very numerous. I have not seen the pale typical form with very 

 unicolorous ground colour in Ireland. Our specimens accord 

 with Newman's fig. 710, with a dark median band. 



Panolis piniperda, Pa7iz. — Not recorded by Birchall. A 

 decidedly local species, probably introduced from British nurseries 

 with fir plants, and, I think, extending its range in Ireland. 

 There seems little doubt that the native pine tree became quite 

 extirpated here in historical times ; although extensive pine 

 woods existed in many parts in the twelfth century, and more 

 anciently it clothed great tracts of moor and mountain in every 

 province ; evidences of which are to be found in the lower strata 

 of most of our bogs. The only alternative supposition seems to 

 be that in default of fir the larva may be able to support itself 

 on other food. Certainly the insect has been sometimes captured 

 at great distances from any species of pine. The common form 

 is of a bright brick-red, but specimens occur of a dull brownish 



