THE ENTOMOLOGIST 



Vol. XXVIII.] NOVEMBER, 189 5. [No. 390. 



MR. W. H. TUGWELL ON ZYG^^NA EXULANS. 

 By T, a. Chapman, M.D., F.E.S. 



I SEND you an extract from a letter from my friend the late 

 Mr. W. H. Tugwell, dated Sept. 10th, 1895, which has a 

 melancholy interest as being perhaps the last entomological 

 work he did. I ought to say that the letter was not, of course, 

 intended fcr publication, and I have no right, perhaps, strictly 

 speaking, to publish it; but I am sure Mr. Tugwell would not 

 have objected, and no one will, I think, quarrel with me for 

 doing so. Mr. Tugwell had always taken much interest in 

 Zi/gcena, and especially in Z. exulans, and last year he asked me 

 to get him some continental specimens, should I meet with it 

 this year. I was fortunately able to do so, and had the pleasure 

 of giving him a few specimens, and of seeing a long series of 

 Braemar specimens in his drawers. My own impression was 

 that the very finest Braemar specimens had a Psyclie-\\^e flim- 

 siness that I have never seen in any continental specimens I 

 have captured. A few specimens taken in the Tyro Iwere perhaps 

 as free from yellow or pale colouring as the Braemar forms, but 

 they were denser and darker than the Scotch examples. Mr. 

 Tugwell had not seen these at the date of his letter, and I am 

 not aware that he has left any record of his opinion about them. 

 Mr. Tugwell wrote : — 



" I have carefully gone through the Zygcena exulans you so 

 kindly brought me from Oberalp, and by daylight, and being set, 

 they now show their characters well, and some of them, the 

 females, are strikingly beautiful ; I have never seen anything at 

 all like them amongst the Braemar examples. All your specimens, 

 when perfect, are very much more dense in the scaling, and, too, 

 always much brighter in coloration, i. e., the red is generally of a 

 totally different tone, a tendency to show of a deep rose-colour 

 instead of carmine ; the colour of the Oberalp specimens in the 



ENTOM. — NOV. 1895. 2 B 



