306 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 



forerunners of a future second emergence wliich this and allied species 

 will adopt ; or possibly they may be lingering examples of a second 

 emergence of the past ? I recorded a similar case in the same volume 

 of A. adippe. — F. W. Feohawk; Oct. 1895. 



Stauropus fagi Double-brooded. — When on a larva-beating ex- 

 pedition in the Poprad Valley in April, 1893, Herr F. Achille obtained 

 a freshly-emerged male of S. fagi, but though working with much 

 assiduity no others were met with that spring. In May, 1894, how- 

 ever, in the same district, a female was found which laid fertile eggs, 

 indicating that males had emerged earlier. Sixteen eggs only were 

 deposited, which hatched on the 21st to 23rd of May ; and five went 

 into pupa ; the imagines duly emerged the first week in August, The 

 author's conclusions as to the normal double-broodeduess of far/l in a 

 state of nature are borne out by Wirchratski, who found very small 

 and also full-fed larv® on oak in September, 1884, which pupated and 

 emerged the following spring. It thus appears tolerably certain that 

 faffi has normally two broods in South-eastern Europe. (F. Achille, 

 in ' Societas Entomologica,' Nos. 1 and 2, 1895.) — W. M. 



Agrotis rip^, var. obotritica. — The larvre, which hide in the 

 sand by day, may be obtained at night by searching the food-plant 

 with a lantern. It is to be met with on saline plants, such as Salsola 

 kali, Cakile maritima, Atriplex viaritima, &c., in the mouth of August. 

 During the day the larva may be found by gently scraping away the 

 surface of the dry sand in the neighbourhood of the food-plants. The 

 larvae are very variable. Although this variety bears considerable 

 resemblance to the type, it may be readily separated from it. Obotri- 

 tica is rather larger in size, and varies from a clear white ground, with 

 scarcely visible markings, to darker, and with more distinct markings. 

 The author mentions that it is still regarded as doubtful whether it is 

 not a distinct species, or even whether several species are not included 

 under the name obotritica, an opinion also expressed by F. Schmidt, 

 the discoverer of this variety. (J. Speyer, in ' Societas Entomologica,' 

 No. 3, 1895.)— W. M. 



Sugar in 1895. — Having sugared almost every night during June, 

 July, and August in a large garden and shrubbery, I was able to note 

 changes from day to day. Findmg the garden very productive, I only 

 worked in the woods about half a dozen times, most of which proved 

 complete failures. Until June 13th insects came fairly well, after 

 which nothing would persuade them to leave the raspberry-flowers, 

 where they swarmed every night until tlie flowers ceased blooming 

 about the 28th. I have no doubt that honey-dew must also have been 

 attractive about this time, as two nights in the woods resulted in only 

 three insects. On the 28th, in spite of a very high wind and cold rain, 

 sugar was very productive, and continued so until the limes came into 

 flower about July 8th, when scarcely an insect could be found, except 

 by working the flowers. This state of things lasted until the limes 

 were quite over on July 22nd, when sugar was once more attractive, 

 and continued so until I ceased using it on September 4th. Through- 

 out August, sunflowers (which were in close proximity to the sugared 

 trees) attracted many insects, although Agrotis nigricans and Noctua 



