35 HYPOCEPHALUS. 
deflexed horn, having a tubercle near its tip on the inside; these 
two horns are mistaken by Gistl for the maxille ; an elevated ridge 
runs across the middle of the head on the upper side; the eyes are 
oval, and placed obliquely behind the base of the antenne, the 
anterior part or clypeus (mistaken by Gistl for the labrum) 
having two deep impressions. The true labrum (mistaken by Gistl 
for the labium, and incorrectly described by Desmarest as trian- 
gular) is small, oblong, emarginate in front, and setose. The 
mandibles are large, horny, straight, prominent, and of an elongate 
conical form, with a large tuberele near the base on the outside. 
The maxillee (overlooked by Desmarest) are small, and but slightly 
produced, the base horny, the apical lobe small and hairy, the 
lower lobe very minute, the maxillary palpi about as long as the 
mandibles, 4-jointed, the basal joint longest, the 4th larger than 
the 3rd, and securiform. The mentum (overlooked by Dr. Gistl, 
and described by Desmarest as the ‘ levre’) is of a transversely oval 
form, flat and horny, originating above a line drawn between the 
two deflexed horns of the head. The labium (or ligula) is very 
minute and setose, not appearing beyond the two short scapes of 
the labial palpi, which are as long as those of the maxilla, and 
3-jointed (the 2nd joint being equal in length to the 2nd and 3rd 
joints of the maxillary palpi united), The 8rd joint is equal and 
similar to the last joint of the maxillary palpi. The antenne are 
short, and constructed exactly as in Spondylus, the second joint 
shortest, and the last rather flat and obtuse. The elytra are 
partially soldered together. The two anterior tibize have two 
unequal-sized spurs at the tip, the middle tibiz are also two-spurred, 
but the spurs are of equal size; the hind tibie are not spurred. 
The prosternum is channelled, and produced between the anterior 
coxee, terminating inan obtuse point. The tarsi are 5-jointed, the 
four basal joints gradually decreasing in size, their terminal angles 
produced but not bilobed ; these joints on the under side are fur- 
nished with two narrow rows of short hairs. Between the ungues is 
a very short plantula, which is most prominent in the fore legs, but 
is not terminated by bristles. The basal joint of the hind tarsi is 
much shorter than in the middle feet. The general colour of the 
insect is very dark chesnut, the thorax, head, and feet being very 
shining, and covered with fine punctures, and the elytra are rather 
redder chesnut, and very rugose ; the prothorax is marked behind 
with several slight cireular impressions, arranged in a semicircle ; 
and there are two others near its anterior angles. 
