42 



HYDROIDA 



added the^seas to the south of the Faroe Islands at the depth of 70 — 150 fathoms. All the finds are 

 thus situated in the boreal area, on the border of the warmer Atlantic regions (Text-fig. L). 



Gen. Monobrachium Meicschkowsky. 



Reptant colonies, whose cylindric pol)'ps are provided with a solitary large tentacle. Besides 

 the nourishing individuals bearing tentacles, also machozooids with no mouth and no tentacles occur. 

 The polyps have no distinct stem and are not covered with jierisarc. The gonoj^liores are eumedusoid 

 and attached to the stolons. 



The very peculiar Arctic genus of hydroids first described by Mereschkowsky (1877) has been 

 more closely investigated by Wagner (1890) and Bonne vie (1899). In the only species known of this 

 genus the eumedusoid gonophores have a rudimentary spadix, and the germ cells are accordingly 

 developed along the radials canals. On this ground Bonne vie maintains that the species is closely 

 related to the Lcptoiiiedtisar, and that the genus has to be jDlaced proximately between athecate and 

 thecaphore hydroids. Kiihn (1913), on the other hand, holds that the organisation of the gonophore 

 cannot be considered as any certain proof justifying such a supposition, and points out that the trans- 

 ition of tlie gonophore from independent free existence into sessile mode of life can effect a secondary 

 displacement of the gonads in many different ways without any necessity that this should be indica- 

 tive of nearer or remoter relationship. Apart from this, however, there is an additional reason against 

 the supposition of Bonnevie. As is pointed out by Vanhoffen (1909), we have in hand a medusa- 

 form obviously nearly related, Cafablen/a, which, when somewhat damaged, is very easily mistaken 

 for a Lcptomcdusa^ but which is, in fact, a geniiine Tiaridc. Van!; of fen even presumes that Cata- 

 blcina really is the medusoid generation of Monobyacliiiiin. But in that case it remains to show tliat 

 the gonophores of Monobrachiuiii are not sessile as they have hitherto generally been supposed to be. 



The explanations of Vanhoffen (1909) and Kiihu (1913) make good ih&i I\ffli/obrac//iin/i takes 

 no intermediate place between athecate and thecajDhore hydroids. But the j^lace of the genus among 

 the athecate hydroids would still be equally uncertain if the peculiar species Caiiipaiiiclava clioiiis 

 Vanhoffen (1909) had not shown us, by its heterogeneous develoijment of the tentacles, the unquesti- 

 onable link between Monobrachium and the normal-looking forms of Clava. Therefore there is no 

 reason any longer to regard the genus as the representative of a jjeculiar family; as pointed out by 

 Vanhoffen, it ought to be classed with the Clavidae. 



Monobrachium parasitum Mereschkowsky. 

 1877 Mojiobracliinm parasitum, Mereschkowsky, On a new Genus of Hydroids, p. 225, pi. 5 fig. i — 6 



pi. 6 fig. 7—14. 

 1899 — parasiticiDii Bonnevie, Norske Nordhavs Expedition, p. 51. 



Reptant colonies, whose polyps are dimorphically developed; beside cylindric polyps with ori- 

 fice and a vigorous tentacle, also machozooids without mouth or tentacles occur. The nourishing 



