58 . MICHIGAN SURVEY, 1905. 



the Flickers on the high dead stumps in the clearing. The Purple Finch 

 came to the clearing to feed on the raspberries, and one was shot with part 

 of a berry in its mouth. 



Supplementary Clearing Observations. 



This clearing is about two miles west of the main line of observation, 

 and one-half mile south of Lake Superior. The conditions here were decidedly 

 swamj^y, as cat-tails grew in the middle of the logging road in many places. 

 The arbor vitae had been cleared away several years before and the second 

 growth had become quite a factor in the conditions. This growth, together 

 with the underbrush and tree tops, made traveling outside of the logging 

 Toad very difficult. Here, among a young growth of maple about five or 

 six feet high, was found a family of four Connecticut Warblers. 



Other birds seen in this clearing are as follows: Blue-headed Vireo, Red- 

 breasted Nuthatch, Black-throated Blue Warbler, Pileated Woodpecker 

 and White-throated Sparrow. 



4. Hemlock Forest (Station II. 2). 



This habitat may be called the hemlock belt because the majority of 

 the trees were of this species. The lower part of this station, at the edge 

 of the cedars, was covered with a dense growth of hemlock, while farther 

 up the side of the mountain the proportion of maples increased until finally 

 the hemlocks were nearly all replaced by maples. In the dense hemlock 

 forest there was very little underbrush, but where there were many maples 

 there was always a thick underbrush of young maples and some basswood. 



The birds of this Station were: Pine Siskin, Red-eyed Vireo, Cedar Wax- 

 wing, Purple Finch, Black-throated Blue Warbler, Chickadee, Hairy Wood- 

 pecker, Golden-crowned Kinglet, Brown Creeper, Blackburnian Warbler, 

 Black-throated Green Warbler, Winter Wren, White-throated Sparrow, 

 Oven Bird, Wilson's Thrush, Ruffed Grouse, Olive-backed Thrush, Raven, 

 .Pileated Woodpecker, Broad-winged Hawk. 



Here, as in the cedars, different species of birds frequented certain places. 

 The Pine Siskins, Purple Finches and Golden-crowned Kinglets were nearly 

 always seen in the hemlocks. The Winter Wrens were observed mostly 

 along streams and in damp places. The Black-throated Blue Warbler was 

 found quite commonly in the underbrush, but where the dense shade prevented 

 an undergrowth, none were observed. The Olive-backed Thrush and White- 

 throated Sparrow were always found in the open woodland. 



Supplementary Clearing Observations. 



This was a clearing in the hemlock forest about two miles west of the 

 main line of observation and about a quarter of a mile south of Lake Superior. 



The birds seen in this clearing were the Purple Finch, Olive-sided Flycatcher, 

 Least Flycatcher, White-throated Sparrow, Song Sparrow and Ruffed Grouse. 

 The Olive-sided Flycatchers were seen sitting on high dead stubs making 

 themselves conspicious by their noise. 



5. Hardwood Forest (Station II. 2). 



This habitat extended from the hemlock belt through the maples to the 

 aspens about the natural clearing at the top of the cliff. This may be called 

 the hardwood belt because the trees were mostly maple with a few scattered 

 hemlocks, basswood, balsam, and birch. In these woods there was a very 

 thick undergrowth composed mostly of young maples. 



