ECOLOGY OF NORTHERN MICHIGAN. 63 



of the talus slope. The trees here were mostly maple, birch and aspen, 

 with a few pines scattered among them. At the eastern end the forest 

 was open, while the trees of the western end were so close as to make a 

 dense shade. On account of the difference of the character of the two 

 portions, they will be taken up separately. 



Western End. Here, where the trees were thick, few birds were seen. 

 The different species noticed were as follows: Blackburnian Warbler, 

 Kingfisher, Sparrow Hawk, Red-eyed Vireo, Wilson's Thrush, Canadian 

 Warbler, Blue Jay and Redstart. There was a Sparrow Hawk's nest sit- 

 uated high up in a dead tree, in what seemed to be a deserted Woodpecker's 

 hole. The young of the Wilson's Thrush, still unable to fly, were found 

 here. 



Eastern End. The birds found in this end of the forest were: Black- 

 throated Blue Warbler, Robin, Ruffed Grouse, Flicker, Downy Woodpecker, 

 Oven Bird, Olive-backed Thrush, Red-eyed Vireo, Black-billed Cuckoo, 

 Blackburnian Warbler and White-throated Sparrow. In the evening and 

 morning the song of the Olive-backed Thrush could be heard almost every- 

 where in the tree tops, and they seemed to be quite numerous, but in the 

 daytime this bird was seldom heard. The proJjable explanation of this 

 is that they went into the alder thickets to the south. 



III. HARDWOOD FOREST SOUTH OF CARP RIVER (STATION VI.). 



The trees along the trail to Government Peak were mostly m.aple, birch 

 and hemlock, except in low places along the small streams, where there was 

 much arbor vitae and balsam. 



Observations along the trail were made July 26 and the following birds 

 were seen in the forest: Oven Bird, Golden-crowned Kinglet, Scarles 

 Tanager, Red-eyed Vireo, Magnolia Warbler, Black-throated Blue Warblert 

 Wood Pewee, Winter Wren and Olive-backed Thrush. The Magnolia, 

 Warbler, Wood Pewee and Winter Wren were seen along a stream. 



An Olive-backed Thrush's nest was found on top of a small hemlock 

 about ten feet high beneath a larger tree. The nest was composed of leaves, 

 rootlets, and grasses, and was lined with still smaller grasses and rootlets, 

 and contained two bluish green eggs with cinnamon brown spots. 



IV. LITTLE CARP RIVER VALLEY. 



1. Little Carp Lake (Station VII. 1). 



This lake is small, being about one-half mile long and a quarter of a mile 

 wide. The only observations made upon the bird life on the lake shore 

 were in an open spot at the east end. Only one bird was seen on the water, 

 a Pied-billed Grebe, on August 2. 



The open area was at the foot of a small hill which arose precipitously out of 

 the lake to a height of about fifty feet. There was very little soil, which 

 accounts for the absence of an extensive vegetation. Observations were made 

 on August 2 and 3 and the birds seen were: Blue Jay, Junco, Humming 

 Bird, Yellow-bellied Sapsucker, Hairy Woodpecker, White-throated Sparrow, 

 Wood Pewee, Purple Finch, Chimney Swift, Raven, Kingfisher, Cedar 

 Waxwing, Flicker and Song Sparrow. The Chimney Swift and Raven 

 were seen flying overhead. 



