THE PRODUCTION OF DOMESTIC RACES. 21 
in a region furnishing the same environment as the original home 
from which it has been transported, some peculiar habit of feeding, 
acquired in the original home, may become the transmitted habit 
determining the life of the new colony, and so determine the forms of 
selection to which the new group is subjected. This form of selection 
I call active or endonomic selection. Again, there is reason to believe 
that the different forms of reflexive selection, of which sexual selection 
is the most familiar example, may gradually change in an isolated 
portion of a species without depending on change in the environment. 
In these and other ways I have shown that many groups of organisms 
are undergoing transformations that can not be attributed to changes 
in the environment. The subject has been presented in several 
forms in the paper referred to above, reproduced in Appendix II. As 
a further illustration of my idea, I would say that I think there is no 
reason to claim that our arboreal ancestors were forced to forsake the 
traditions of their fathers, through the failure of the forest to grow, or 
through any other change in the environment. It is more natural to 
suppose that the great prosperity of our forebears in the forest regions 
increased their numbers till it became desirable that some new sphere 
of activity should be discovered. ‘The rich rewards that came to the 
more enterprising ones, who searched the open country by day and 
hid in the caves at night, was probably the beginning of the change 
that has led to the separate methods of use for our fore limbs and our 
hind limbs. The great advantage of standing erect and taking a 
broad look over the fields of deep grass started selection toward 
human feet. This view of the course of evolution reveals the influ- 
ence of habit in controlling selection, and so finally in controlling 
inheritance. The frequent control of the form of survival by the 
activities in the organism, and not by change of activities in the en- 
vironment, was emphasized in my papers published by the Linnean 
Society ; and more recently the importance of individual adjustment 
to sudden change, through the securing of time for ‘ coincident 
variation,’’ has been pointed out by Lloyd Morgan* and others. 
As the processes mentioned under these six heads, when brought 
about in domestication, produce, in the first case, either continuance 
or extermination of the race; in the second, simple transformation; 
in the third, divergence; in the fourth, increased stability; in the 
fifth, increased variation with blending of types; and in the sixth, 
transformation in the organism that does not depend on change in 
the environment, we have reason to expect that when produced by 
* See ‘“‘ Habit and Instinct,’”’ 1896, pp. 312ff. 
