30 THE EVOLUTION OF NATURAL SPECIES. 
tageous substances and to avoid injurious ones. This is accommo- 
dation. 
Anticipating the inevitable death that approaches, it produces 
young of its own kind, which shall perpetuate the race. This is 
reproduction. 
Anticipating the fact that external nature is subject to change, and 
that, even under unchanged conditions, better adaptations are often 
possible, it sends forth its offspring endowed with various powers, as 
experiments in different directions, thus increasing the probability 
that some will survive. And this is called variation.* 
Being thus wonderfully endowed, having been placed in a world in 
which some of the resources were fully adapted to sustain them, while 
other resources were only proximately available, and where many of 
the conditions were undergoing gradual change—such beings, in such 
a world, would be constantly pressing into new spheres of existence 
and adapting themselves to the changing world; for from the very 
nature of their powers there would be a greater propagation of those 
better adapted and an inferior propagation of those less adapted to 
the various conditions into which their segregating powers had driven 
them. Now, this propagation, according to adaptation, this survival 
of the fittest, this selection, is the interaction of these powers with 
external nature, and, therefore, can not account for the existence of 
the powers, though their perfection may be due to their continuous 
action. 
(2) Selection can not explain the division of one race into several 
races. 
Again, we see what selection can not explain by considering the 
nature of the process. The survival of the fittest results in the breed- 
ing together of the fittest, and, therefore, in the increasing fitness of 
successive generations of survivors; but how can wt account for the 
division of the survivors of one stock, occupying one country, nto forms 

* The importance of anticipatory action is emphasized by Benjamin Kidd in 
“The Principles of Western Civilization.’”’ His term is ‘‘projected efficiency.” 
The same power is discussed by Prof. James Ward, of Edinburgh, under the term 
“subjective (or hedonic) selection, * * * a teleological factor * * * 
found to belong to all things living.’’ (See Naturalism and Agnosticism, Vol. I, 
p-. 294, and Vol. II, pp. 92, 161.) ‘‘Accommodation,”’ as used by Prof. J. Mark 
Baldwin, covers all acquired adjustments of the individual to the environment. 
(See his Development and Evolution.) Functional variation is used by Hertwig 
in the same meaning. ‘‘Acclimatization’’ as used by Prof. Charles B. Davenport 
covers all forms of accommodation to unfavorable conditions. (See Experi- 
mental Morphology.) 
