TWO METHODS OF MEETING NEW CONDITIONS. 6I 
In the second place, if the new conditions are slowly introduced, 
as is often the case in geological changes, innate variation, combined 
with high reproductive powers, may enable them to meet the changes as 
well as do those endowed with much higher powers of accommodation ; 
but in cases of sudden change, high powers of accommodation will 
often preserve the group from extinction till time has been given for 
the accumulation of what Lloyd Morgan has called ‘‘coincident varia- 
tions.”’* When accommodation thus opens the way for successful 
selection, Professor Baldwin calls the process ‘‘organic selection.” I 
ain disposed to raise the question whether the term ‘‘coincident varia- 
tion,’ suggested by Lloyd Morgan, does not meet the case more ex- 
actly; and when the variations are accumulated, may it not be well 
to call the process ‘‘coincident selection’’? Let it, however, be care- 
fully noted that a slow change of conditions, either in the relations of 
the organism to the environment or in the relations of the individuals 
of the organism to each other, may result in the gradual transforma- 
tion of slightly varying habitudes and aptitudes through election and 
selection, even when the range of individual accommodation is very 
small, and when the degree of variation in inherited qualities is not 
large, in any one generation. 
7. In the case of Civilized Man, especially when exposed to sudden change, 
Accommodation overshadows and controls all other influences: (1) by 
Organic Selection, that 1s, by giving time for the action of Natural Selection, 
and (2) by the success of Accommodation and Tradition, removing the need 
of special variation in order to survive. 
The great importance of accommodation is often seen in birds and 
mammals, and pre-eminently in man. The power of man to occupy 
every land, of every clime, that is not entirely devoid of vegetation, or 
continuously capped with ice, is due to his powers of accommodation. 
By accommodation he overcomes his enemies; by accommodation he 
wins nourishment in hitherto untried fields; by accommodation he 
protects himself against the extremes of heat and cold, to which he 
would soon succumb if fortified simply by the inherited characters of 
his body thus far attained, unaided by artificial clothing and shelter. 
But even in the case of man, who is able by his arts to adjust himself 
to great extremes of climate, there have arisen different races, with 
special adaptations to different climates in their inherited characters. 
If the average child of tropical Africa and the average child of Green- 
land should exchange homes and training, both would be heavily 
* See ‘‘ Habit and Instinct’’ (London, 1896), pp. 312ff; also ‘‘ Animal Behavior ”’ 
(1900), pp. 39, 115; also Baldwin’s ‘‘ Development and Evolution,” Appendix A. 
