ENDONOMIC AND COINCIDENT SELECTION CONTRASTED. 65 
Ponape, one of the Caroline Islands, the only substitute for mother’s 
milk known to the aborigines is the juice that exudes from the imma- 
ture fruit-stalk of the cocoanut tree when the end of the immense bud 
is sliced off. In Japan, if a wet nurse can not be provided, sweet 
extract of malt is used. Insome lands mare’s milk is used; in some 
ass’s milk; and in others goat’s milk, or cow’s milk; but all these are 
somewhat deficient, unless modified and sterilized by the highest skill 
of the physiologist and chemist. Any case of selection introduced and 
protected from failure by accommodation is a case of ‘‘coincident (or 
organic) selection.’’* 
10. Endonomic Selection and Coincident Selection Contrasted. 
Active (or endonomic) selection is due to powers enabling the organ- 
ism to deal with the same environment in different ways. This 
power is especially manifest when the organism is dealing in isolated 
groups with the same conditions. Different methods arise: 
(1) Because the innate aptitudes of different individuals and groups 
for dealing with the environment differ somewhat. This results in 
aptitudinal selection. 
(2) Because the training, and, therefore, the habitudes, of different 
individuals and groups, in dealing with the environment, differ some- 
what. This results in habitudinal selection. 
(3) Because individuals with the same aptitudes and habitudes 
may take up different methods of dealing with the same environment, 
through the accidents attending their entrance on their new districts, 
both in cases when these new districts all differ from the original home 
in the same way and when all afford exactly the same conditions as the 
original home. Shall we call this accidental selection? Or will some 
one suggest some other term more suitable? 
Coincident (or organic) selection is due to the protection derived 
from the discriminative and other accommodational powers of the 
individuals, preserving the organism from extinction under the stress 
of great and sudden change, either in the environment or in the rela- 
tions of the members to each other, and thus giving time for the pro- 
duction and accumulation of variations that coincide with the accom- 
modation in adapting the organism to the new conditions. 
Active (or endonomic) selection rests on ‘‘alternative methods of 
adjustment to the same environment full the organism has adopted a 
particular method of suiting itself to ts conditions.” F 

* See Baldwin’s Development and Evolution, pp. 95 and 173. 
{ This form of statement is quoted from Headley’s Problems of Evolution, p. 
149, where he is describing what he calls methods of evolution by natural selection. 
