188 APPENDIX II—INTENSIVE SEGREGATION. 
(4) Emotional transformation.—Dr. C. V. Riley, late of the National 
Museum, Washington, has called attention to the influence of parental 
emotions (especially maternal emotions during the term of pregnancy) 
as a factor in evolution (Address ‘‘On the Causes of Variation,’’ before 
the Section of Biology, American Association, August, 1888; also in 
Popular Science Monthly, vol. xxx Lv, pp. 811-816). 
(5) The cumulative development of adaptations through ‘‘the 
survival of the fittest’’ when the fittest are other than average forms. 
This is the principle of unbalanced selection producing selectional 
transformation. 
(6) Transformation produced by the indiscriminate destruction of 
a portion of a species, with the accompanying probability that the 
remaining portion will not possess all the characters possessed by the 
species previous to the elimination. This principle I call ‘‘unbalanced 
wndiscriminate elimination,” producing imdiscriminate eliminational 
transformation. 
(7) Transformation produced by different degrees of amalgama- 
tion of the varieties and races which have resulted from previous segre- 
gations. In most species there is a constant process of amalgamation 
by which thousands of minor varieties are absorbed; but when the 
process extends beyond ordinary limits, and the barriers that have 
divided well-marked races give way, transformation must follow. 
This principle I call diversity of amalgamation producing amalgama- 
tional transformation. 
(8) The cumulative development of the more fertile of the forms 
that are equally adapted. In other words, transformation produced 
by diversity in the relative fertility of varieties that are equally 
adapted to the environment and the constitution of the species, or by 
change in the degrees of fertility possessed by the same variety at dif- 
ferent times and in different places. This principle I call unbalanced 
fecundity, or unbalanced fecundal selection, producing fecundal trans- 
jormation. 
Of these principles all except the sixth, seventh, and eighth have — 
been more or less discussed by writers on biology, though some of the 
forms of selection depending on the relations in which the members 
of a species stand to each other have never been pointed out, and 
many writers have failed to observe that selection often produces fixity 
of type instead of transformation, and that divergence can not be pro- 
duced through diversity in the kinds of selection without the codpera- 
tion of isolation, and may be produced without exposure to different 
environments. 
