XXX YORKSHIRE—VERTEBRATE FAUNA 
are that the tall cliffs of Flamborough and Cleveland would com- 
pensate Yorkshire for any disadvantage caused by the less promi- 
nent outline of the county, and that the high lights of Whitby 
and Flamborough would be amongst the first seen by immigrants 
coming from the east. 
The presence of rare American ducks and waders on the 
eastern shores of Britain has been accounted for by the supposi- 
tion that they cross the Atlantic at high latitudes, and striking 
Norway follow the general trend of its coast-line. Reaching its 
southern termination they would endeavour to cross the sea in 
the same general direction—one which lands them in Norfolk or 
Yorkshire. 

MAMMALIA. 
An analysis of the list shows that of the seventy-two recog- 
nised British species forty-nine are recorded as occurring now or 
formerly in Yorkshire, including fourteen marine and thirty-five 
terrestrial forms. 
Of the terrestrial species, three—the Wild Cat, the Roe Deer, 
and Wild White Cattle—are now extinct, though surviving in 
other parts of Britain. Four others—the Marten, Polecat, Badger, 
and Black Rat—which were formerly very abundant, have greatly 
decreased in number, and the first-named may be considered 
practically extinct. The Black Rat survives only in sea-port 
towns, where its numbers are to some extent kept up by importa- 
tions. The Badger may—and probably will—long continue to 
linger in small numbers in the secluded dells among the oolitic 
rocks on the southern slopes of the Cleveland hills, where—though 
very local—it is not uncommon. 
Three Bats—the Hairy-armed, Reddish-grey, and Whiskered 
—are reported from single localities only, and in the case of the 
two former upwards of forty years have elapsed since they were 

recorded. 
The Fallow Deer is included in the list, but can hardly be 
considered as entitled to a place in the Yorkshire fauna, as it is 
known only in parks, and there is no evidence to show that it was 
