YORKSHIRE—VERTEBRATE FAUNA. Xxxili 
BIRDS. 
The avifauna of Yorkshire, compared with that of other 
counties, stands unrivalled, not only in its numerical extent, but 
also-—a circumstance of much greater significance—in the inherent 
richness which is shown by the number of species breeding 
annually within its limits. 
Excluding eleven species, which have been recorded on the 
strength of evidence more or less insufficient to establish their 
claims, the total number of birds on the Yorkshire list is 307. 
The Norfolk list given in the first volume of Stevenson’s 
‘Birds of Norfolk’ includes 291 species—to which must be added 
seven which have occurred in the county since that work was 
published, for the names of which we are indebted to Mr. Thos. 
Southwell, of Norwich, making a total of 298. The list given in 
Hancock’s ‘ Birds of Northumberland and Durham,’ published 
in 1874, comprises 268 species. But applying the same rules as 
are employed for the exclusion of doubtful species from the 
Yorkshire list, these totals are reduced to 290 for Norfolk, and 
266 for Northumberland and Durham. 
The species thus excluded from the Norfolk list are—the Pine- 
Grosbeak, Two-barred Crossbill, Mottled Owl, Red-breasted 
Goose, Harlequin Duck, King Eider, Hooded Merganser, all 
admitted on insufficient evidence, and the-variety Sadinz of the 
Double Snipe, to which Mr. Stevenson gives specific rank. Those 
omitted from the Northumberland and Durham catalogue are— 
the Purple Gallinule, probably an escape, and the Virginian 
Colin, an introduced bird. The species excluded from the 
Yorkshire list include one Casual and ten Accidental Visitants, 
whose names will be given when treating of those classes of 
birds. 
The seven species which have been added to the Norfolk 
fauna during the past fifteen years are—White’s Thrush, the Wall 
Creeper, the Lesser Grey Shrike, the Ortolan Bunting, the Golden 
Eagle, the Green-backed Gallinule, and the European Coal- 
titmouse. 
