YORKSHIRE—VERTEBRATE FAUNA. XXXV 
of habitat necessary for the presence of almost every type of bird 
which breeds in the British Isles. 
The EIGHTY-EIGHT ReEsIDENT BirpDs include the following 
species which deserve special mention. 
The Nuthatch, Hawfinch, Wood-Lark, Lesser Spotted Wood- 
pecker, Pochard, and Great Crested Grebe find in the county the 
northern limit of their distribution in Britain during the breeding 
season; though one or two of them have been known to nest 
occasionally or singly in districts still further north. The Curlew 
and Dunlin on the other hand find in it in like manner the limit 
of their southern range. 
The Raven, Buzzard, and Peregrine Falcon, all formerly 
resident in some abundance, are now restricted to a few pairs of 
each species still breeding annually, the Buzzard, once so com- 
mon among the crags of the Yorkshire fells, being now the rarest 
of the three. The elegant little Goldfinch, too, is fast diminishing, 
and although widely distributed in the county is extremely local 
and nowhere numerous. ‘The Sheldrake is one of the most local 
birds which nest in Yorkshire, only two breeding-haunts being 
known. 
Yorkshire Heronries have greatly decreased during the present 
century. Formerly they existed in the following places, the date at 
which they ceased to do so where known being given in parenthesis: 
—Scorborough (1862 or 1864); Watton Abbey; Stork Hill, near 
Beverley; Hotham (1819); Swanland, near Hull; Sutton Wood, 
Sutton-on-Derwent, where in 1860 there were said to be a hundred 
nests; Hemsworth; Walton Park (1865); Scarthingwell; Bolton 
Woods; and Flasby, near Gargrave (1866). Those now in 
existence are enumerated at page 409. 
The nesting of the Rock-Dove on inland cliffs, although given 
on good authority, is, it must be confessed, not perfectly satisfac- 
tory, as the bird so reported may possibly prove to be the Stock- 
Dove, a species which breeds not uncommonly in such situations. 
Of THE THIRTY-TWO SUMMER VisITANTs the Nightingale, 
Reed-Warbler, Wryneck, Turtle-Dove, and Stone-Curlew reach 
in Yorkshire the northern limit of their annual distribution during 
the nesting-season. The Wryneck and Turtle-Dove have, however, 
