xl YORKSHIRE—VERTEBRATE FAUNA. 
Such are the principal losses which Yorkshire has sustained in 
breeding-birds, the result chiefly of the changes which have taken 
place in the physical aspect of the county. 
To all rules there are, of course, exceptions; and it is 
therefore not surprising to find that winter visitants, like the 
Short-eared Owl, Hooded Crow, Redwing, Tufted Duck, and 
Rough-legged Buzzard ; casual visitants, as the Dartford Warbler, 
Bearded Reedling, Siskin, Crossbill, Cirl Bunting, and Redbacked 
Shrike; and even accidental visitants, as the Orphean Warbler, 
have occasionally and in isolated instances remained to breed. 
With respect to migratory species, the dates of arrival and 
departure quoted in the catalogue are those observed on the 
coast, as more likely to be reliable than observations made in 
inland localities. 
It is of interest to note that in addition to the Mottled Owl, 
Lesser Kestrel, Cuneate-tailed Gull, and Bulwer’s Petrel—which 
are unique as British specimens—there are several other species 
whose first occurrence in Britain was in this county. Amongst 
these are the Waxwing (1681), Red-breasted Goose (1766, one 
also occurring near London about the same time), Scops Owl 
(1805), Red-legged Falcon (April, 1830), and Orphean Warbler 
(1849); and probably also the Eagle Owl, mentioned by Pennant 
in 1768 as having once been shot in Yorkshire. 
The species recorded in the present work for the first time as 
Yorkshire birds are the Lapland Bunting, Dartford Warbler, 
Ruddy Sheldrake, Broad-billed Sandpiper, Black-winged Stilt, and 
Wilson’s Petrel. It may also be remarked of Tengmalm’s Owl, 
that out of the seventeen known British specimens no less than 
five have occurred in this county, and three of these Mr. Clarke 
has had the personal pleasure of adding on the most unquestion- 
able authority. In addition to this, numerous occurrences of rare 
species—which have hitherto remained unpublished—now appear 
for the first time in print. 
