66 CLASS IT. 
nearer alliance to Sea-Anemonies (Actinie), which CHAMISso and 
EIsENHARDT had properly classed with Polyps!, although Cuvier 
joined them to the Medusx (Acalephe), LAMARCK and SCHWEIGGER 
to the Star-fishes (Hchinodermata). These Actini@ have a tubular 
form, or resemble truncated cones. By their discoidal base they 
adhere to rocks, marine shells, and other bodies; but are able to 
loosen their hold, and to consign themselves to the motions of the 
water. They can also creep by means of that base, as the belly- 
footed molluses (Gasteropoda) do by means of their ventral disc. 
But ordinarily the motions of these animals are restricted to a 
greater or less expansion of the oral aperture, and to a contraction 
of the hollow tentacles which surround the mouth in a variable 
number, but always greater than twelve. These Actiniz are naked 
Polyps, rather of a coriaceous than a gelatinous consistence; they 
were not unknown to the ancients, and are noticed by ARISTOTLE? 
as Acalephaw, and by Puiny’ as Urticee. Such Polyps with Polyp- 
stocks are the genera Fungia, Caryophylla, Astrea, Maandrina. 
The Polyps of other Polyparies, as Js’s, Alcyoniwm (Lobularia), 
Tubipora, &c. have eight tentacles, which are flat and notched on 
the edges or have lateral prolongations. In all these the intestinal 
canal is a blind sac. But there are other Polyps which, by their 
more perfect organisation, approach the Molluscs. ‘Their intestinal 
canal is reflected upwards, and terminates by an opening close to 
the mouth. AupouIn and MiLtnE Epwarps observed this struc- 
ture (1828) in Polyps of the genus Flustra+: at the same time 
EHRENBERG published his earlier observations to the same effect, 
and gave to Polyps, with this organisation, the name of Bryozoa ; 
which has been received into the systematic works of zoologists®, 
1 Nov. Act. Acad. Cesar. Leop. Carol. Natur. Curiosor. X. p. 354, 355. 
2 "Hore 6€ cal 7d Trav adxadnpav yéos idiov" wpoorépuxe 5é Tals wérpais, Wamep evra 
TOv doTpakodépuwy* amodverat 5° éviore. Od exer 5€ SaTpaxov, aAAA capKGdes av 
éorw avrov, k.T.X. De Anim. Hist. tv. c. 6. These words, in my opinion, apply to 
Actiniz alone. 
3 Hist. Nat. Lib. 1x. c. 68. But that Meduse also (our Acalephe) were by the 
ancients designated under this name, I will by no means deny. 
4 Resumé des recherches sur les Animaux sans Vertébres faites aux tles Chausey, Ann. 
des Sc. nat. Tom. Xv. 1828. pp. 12, 13. 
° Symbole physice seu Icones et Descriptiones Animalium evertebratorum ex ttinere 
F. G. Hemrricy et C. G. Exrenspese, Dec. I. Berolini, 1828. folio. Polypi, p. 2. Also 
