180 CLASS V. 
Icon. Helm. Tab. xiut. f. 10, 11; LevoKART, 1.1. Tab. a. fig. 27, (in the abdomi- 
nal cavity (not in, but on the outside of the intestinal canal) in Gasterosteus. 
In water-fowls this worm changes its form and is then named Bothrioceph. 
nodosus: [its joints and genital organs become gradually developed in the 
intestinal canal of its new host, which had swallowed and digested the 
gasterosteus. See Von Sinsoup, Band wu. Blasen-wiirmer, 8. 40. | 
Sub-gen. Z'riewnophorus Rup. Joints sub-indistinct ; head bila- 
biate, armed on both sides with two tricuspid hooks (rpiawva, tridens). 
See figures in Leucx. 1.1. Tab. u. f. 34—36, Bremser /con. Helm. 
Tab. xu. f. 4—16. 
Note——Genus Scolex MuELL. appears to be founded on imperfect 
species of Bothriocephali. The body is depressed, continuous as 
in Ligula. The head supplied with four fossettes. It is found in 
marine fishes, especially of the genus Plewronectes. 
Tenia L. (exclusive of many species). Body elongate, de- 
pressed, articulate. Head with four suctorial oscules, and mostly 
‘ with a rostellum median, imperforate, retractile, armed most fre- 
quently with a coronet of hooklets, especially in the young state. 
Sp. Tenia solium L. (in part), Bremser, UVeb. leb. Wiirm. Tab. 111. f. i—14, 
GuEr., Iconogr., Zooph. Pl. 12, f. 2, Der Kurbiswiirm, der Kettenwiirm, 
Ver solitaire, le Tenia & longs anneaux. It is a mistake, that in the same 
person only one worm of this species is invariably to be met with, as the 
French name ver solitaire indicates. This species lives in the small 
intestine, and is in Holland, Germany, and England, the ordinary and 
perhaps the only species of this family which occurs in the human body. 
Only very few cases are known where a person had both a Tenia soliwm 
and a Bothriocephalus latus!. These two tane-worms are distinguished not 
by the head alone, but also by the greater or less breadth of the body. In 
Tenia solium the middlemost joints are longer than they are broad ; 
in Bothriocephalus latus the joimts throughout the entire body have more 
F breadth than length, and in the middle of each joint are two apertures of 
which the anterior is the larger and more readily perceptible ; from it the 
penis occasionally hangs everted ; in 7enia soliwm the apertures are at the 
edge of the joints and alternate irregularly, 7.¢. they are situated sometimes 
on the left, sometimes on the right side, without determinate order of 
succession (foramina marginalia vagé alterna). Since these worms are 
often rejected in fragments alone, the knowledge of these characters is for 
the Physician not without interest. 
1 A case of this kind, the only one known to him, is given by RuDOLPHI Grundriss 
der Physiol. 11. 2, s. 239, and another by W. VroutK, Bijdragen tot de natuurk. 
Wetensch. 111. 1828. Boekbeschouwing, bl. 292. 
