266 CLASS “VITI. 
Different appendages belong to the common oviduct, or to the 
vagina. Of these one is more constant than the rest, and opens into 
the common oviduct, close to the uppermost part, where this is 
formed from the union of the two tubes. Previous to copulation it 
is empty, but after that act is filled with a white fluid—which is the 
seed, as microscopic investigation has demonstrated beyond doubt, 
from the presence of the hair-like spermatozoa in motion. ‘This part, 
generally single, may therefore be called receptaculum seminis. 
Frequently it has an appendage (glandula appendicularis). In 
many insects there is another vesicle present which, during copula- 
tion, receives the penis (bursa copulatrix, poche copulatrice AUDOUIN), 
and which in the cockchafer is a large bladder beneath the oviduct. 
In the Butterflies this organ opens externally, and not into the ovi- 
duct, so that there are two sexual orifices, whilst a canal leads from 
the bursa copulatrix to the oviduct, and conducts the seed into the 
receptaculum semints situated above. There are other vesicles, or 
glands, generally in pairs and situated more behind for the purpose 
of covering the eggs with an adhesive fluid. In the Butterflies 
these are seen as two pyriform vesicles laid transversely with their 
broad bases opposed, which at the other end pass into a very long, 
contorted, blind canal. In a few Insects still other secretory organs 
have been observed, which probably secrete a peculiar odorous 
matter to attract the male}. 
On the borer (ferebra) in the Oicade, see DoyERE in Ann. des Sc. nat. 2e Série, VII. 
Zoologie, pp. 193—199, Pl. 8, the middle bristle (le poingon DoyERre) works like 
a wedge. 
1 Tt is difficult to be brief on a subject which has reference to such an important 
difference of organisation, and which, on account of the various views of observers, 
possesses an historical interest. Manprout (de Bombyce) long ago recognised the 
vesicula copulatrix as the organ which receives the penis and gave it the name of 
uterus; often the penis or a part of it is broken off, and remains here after copulation. 
The penis is figured in this part in Sphinw ligustri from a preparation by HUNTER in 
the Catalogue of the Physiological Series of the Museum of the College of Surgeons, 
Vol. v. London, 1840, Pl. 67, fig. 8. It was with fluid from this vesicle that HUNTER 
impregnated artificially the eggs of other butterflies. Phil. Trans. 1792, p. 175 (in 
Bombyx mori); an experiment already devised by MALPIGHI, but attempted without 
success. SPALLANZANI, before HunTER had effected the artificial impregnation of the 
eggs of the silkworm, but with the seed taken directly from the male butterfly, so that 
his experiment does not belong to our present subject (Expériences pour servir & UV Hist. 
de la Génér. Gentve, 1785, 8. p. 223). AupbouIN has the honour of having been the 
first in our century to direct attention to this subject, whilst previously all these 
