306 CLASS VIII. 
Metamorphosis complete. Mandibles two, forficate, narrow, sub- 
arcuate. Palps two biarticulate, very distant, inserted under the head. 
(Larvee and Pupe living parasitically in different Hymenoptera.) 
This order, first distinguished by Krrpy, cannot well be united 
with one of the others, and least of all with that of the Hemi- 
pterous Insects, as some would desire. The natural affinity is 
difficult to determine; perhaps this order stands between the 
Orthoptera, Neuroptera, and Hymenoptera. In this uncertainty 
respecting the true place, we think we have some grounds for our 
choice, to place it after the flea, in the perfect metamorphosis as 
well as in the presence of four rudiments of wings in the genus 
Pulex. However small, moreover, the number of insects of this 
order may be, that can afford no sufficient reason either in an 
artificial or in a natural system for rejecting it. 
The winged individuals, on which the characters of the order 
are founded, are, as BURMEISTER had sagaciously surmised, and the 
complete investigations of the excellent C. TH. von Srmpoxp have 
demonstrated, all males. In these, two large compound eyes are 
present, which consist of few facettes, separated from each other 
by a raised margin. Simple eyes are wanting; the antenne are 
composed of few joints, ordinarily split at the extremity into two 
parts, or as if branched with lappet-like appendages. In front of 
the wings are two small convoluted parts, named by Kirsy “/yira, 
but which do not cover the wings. It was formerly thought that 
they were attached to the first ring of the thorax, and in that case 
they could not in any sense be looked on as imperfect wings or 
elytra; but more accurate investigation has proved that they belong 
to the metathorax, and, therefore, may keep the name given to 
them by Kirsy. They recal the short elytra of some Phasmatide. 
The middle piece of the thorax is prolonged into a shield over the 
abdomen. The tarsi have mostly four joints, in other species three 
or two, and no claws at the extremity. The wings (hind wings) 
are large, thin, whitish, opaque, and have some nervures which 
radiate towards the circumference. The oral organs are somewhat 
differently described by Savieny, whilst he regards as maaille the 
parts described by Kirsy as palpi’. The under lip has no palpi. 
(Westwoop considers the palpi as belonging to the under lip, and 
1 SAVIGNY’S communications to LEAcH were published by the latter in his Zoologi- 
cal Miscellany, 11. 1817, p. 135. 
ent «ie i 
