ee 
INSECTA. 339 
Sp. Stratiomys chameleon Fasr., Muic., Musca chameleon L. » Ra@se Ins. 
1. Muscar. et Culic. Tab. v. PANzER Deutschl. Ins. Heft 8, No. 24, 7 lines 
long ; the scutellum, the feet and under surface of the abdomen yellow, the 
upper surface of the abdomen black, with three yellow transverse stripes 
interrupted in the middle, and yellow point. Here are to be referred the 
observations and descriptions of SwAMMERDAM, Hist. nat. Ins. 1669, 
p- 151, Tab. Iv. (under the name of Tabanus), and Bijbel der Nat. pp- 
649—694, Tab. 39 (under the name of Asilus). The larva is elongate, 
pointed at both extremities, with a star-shaped ring of more than twenty 
feathered filaments at the end ; it moves very slowly on the surface of the 
water, ; 
Family XIII. Nemocera or Tipularie. Antenne filiform or 
setaceous, with numerous joints, mostly fourteen or sixteen, never 
fewer than six. Head small, globose, with large eyes. Proboscis 
exsert, in some short, terminated by two large labia, in some pro- 
duced into a rostrum. Palps two, external, inserted at the base of 
the proboscis, filiform or setaceous. 
Thorax large, gibbous. Wings oblong. Poisers naked, with 
inconspicuous squame. Abdomen elongate, composed mostly of 
nine joints. a 
Feet long, slender. Pupa incomplete (nympha). 
Thread-antennate, Gnat-like. Many, especially the smaller species, 
fly in great troops dancing through the air. The females lay their 
eggs on the water, some on plants, or on the ground. The larve are 
long and vermiform ; their body has twelve rings, besides the clearly 
distinct horny head. The head is provided with manducating oral 
organs (mandibles and mawille). The stigmata are in number and 
position various. These larvee constantly cast their skin before 
changing to pupe. In the pupa the parts of the insect may be 
clearly recognised. ~ Almost always these pup lie uncovered in the 
water or under the ground; only in some are they enclosed in a 
case or web (Sciara, Mycetophila). Many of these pup are pro- 
vided with spines or horns, by means of which, about the time of 
the last changing, they are able to work to the surface of the earth. 
This family consists of the Linnean genera ZTipula and Culex. 
If the genus of the flies of Linnxus, the Athericera of the moderns, 
with short antenne and tun-shaped pup, be considered to be the 
proper ¢ype of the two-winged insects, then the insects before us 
deviate the most from that type, and make the transition to other 
orders, to some Vewroptera (Phryganea) and Lepidoptera (Pterophorus, 
22—2 
