344 CLASS VIII. 
Tipula (Sp. of Tipula L.) Antenne filiform or setaceous, with 
13 joints, the first elongato-cylindrical, second cup-shaped, short, 
the rest cylindrical, pilose. Palps incurved, with last jomt longer 
than the rest, cylindrical, annulate or nodose. Ocelli none. Wings 
divaricate. 
Sub-genera: Pachyrhina Macg., Tipula eyusd. 
Ctenophora Mutc. (antenne pectinate in male). 
In this division are found the largest species of Nemocera, for instance, 
Tipula prepotens WiEDEM. from the island of Java, whose body is 16 lines 
long, and the slightly smaller European 7ipula gigantea SCHRANK, SCHEL- 
LENBERG, Dipt. Tab. 36, Cuvier R. Ani. éd. ill., Ins. Pl. 162, fig. 5; 
Tipula oleracea L., DE GEER Ins. Vi. Pl. 18, figs. 12, 13 ; Tipula crocata 
L., VittEers Lntomol. Linn, Tab. 1x. fig. 2, dull black, with a yellow ring 
bebind the head, yellow spots on the thorax, and three orange-coloured 
rings on the first part of the abdomen ; wings brownish, with a black spot 
at the margin; feet dark brown. With this species is often confounded 
Tipula flaveolata F., Ctenophora flaveolata MEIc., RHauMUR Jns. V. Tab. I. 
figs. 14—16; Cuvier R. Ani. éd. ill., Ins. Pl, 162, fig. 2, which is easily 
distinguishable by its thicker and yellow feet, by seven yellow rings on the 
abdomen, of which one is at the base, and by its shining black, whilst the 
male, moreover, has plumed antenne. ‘The larva of this species lives in 
hollow stems of trees. 
Dictenidia, Xiphura, Bruuue& Ann. de la Soc. Entom. de France, 1. pp. 
205—209, Pl. v. Species of Clenophora. 
Pedicia LATR. 
Nephrotoma Mrra. 
Ptychoptera Mri. Antenne with sixteen joints, the third joint 
long, cylindrical. Last joint of palps very long, setaceous. Ocelli 
none. Wings divaricate, folded on the posterior margin. 
Sp. Ptych. contaminata, Tipula contaminata L., Cuv. R. Ani. éd. il., Ins. 
Pl. 162, fig. 4. 
Chironomus Mei. (with addition of some genera), FABR. 
Antenne plumose. Ocelli none. 
Ceratopogon Mric. Antenne with thirteen joints in both sexes, 
pilose; the eight inferior joints in the male barbate outwards. 
Wings parallel, incumbent. 
The larve live under the moist bark of dead trees. The head excepted, 
every ring has on the upper part two very long hairs, with a round knob at 
the extremity, not transparent, which looks like a pearl. 
See Guérin Ann. de la Soc. Entom. de France, 11. pp. 161—167, Pl. vit. 
aie 
