390 
CLASS VIII. 
Systematisches Verzeichniss der Schmetterlinge der Wienergegend 
herausgegeb. von einigen Lehrern am K. K. Theresianum, Wien. 
1776, 4to. (mit 3 col. Taf.) 
Jac. Husner, Sammlung ewropiischer Schmetterlinge, nebst Fort- 
setzung von C. Geyer, gr. 4to. Augsburg, 1805—1841 ;—by the 
same, Geschichte ewropdischer Schmetterlinge (Raupen, Puppen u. 
Lutterpflanzen) gr. 4to. ibid. 1806—1841 ;—by the same, Sammlung 
exotischer Schmetterlinge, nebst Fortsetzung von C. GEYER, 111. Bde, 
gr. 4to. ibid. 1806—1841; and Zutrage zur Sammlung exotischer 
Schmetterlinge, ibid. 1818—1837. (1 have not been able to consult 
these comprehensive and costly works whilst. preparing this order). 
F. OcHsENHEIMER, Die Schmetterlinge von Europa, fortgesetzt durch 
Fr. Trerrscuke, x. Bde, 8vo. Leipzig, 1807—1835. 
Boispuvat, Species général des Lépidoptéeres, Tom. 1. av. pl. Paris, 
1836, 8vo. This excellent work, which makes a part of the well- 
known Suites @ Burron, published by Roret, appears to be discon- 
tinued, to the great injury of science. 
The scales, which cover the wings of these insects on both sides, 
appear to the naked eye as dust, but when seen through the 
microscope, are arranged in regular rows, like house-tiles. These 
scales are implanted, by means of little pedicles, in short conical 
tubules, whose openings are constantly directed to that margin 
of the wing which is opposite to its base. Hach scale consists 
of two (or perhaps even of three) membranes or layers. On the 
uppermost membrane le granules of colouring matter. Hlon- 
gate, parallel stripes (ribs) run from the base to the free extremity, 
which has sometimes a smooth margin, and sometimes ends in 
certain points or lappets. The underside of the scale, which lies 
next the wing, often presents a play of various colours’. When 
the scales are removed, the wings are whitish and semi-transpa- 
rent ; some butterflies have constantly such patches on the wings 
where the scales are wanting ; in some the wings are almost quite 
naked, whether because the scales are wanting from the first, 
1 Numerous figures of this are to be seen in the works of microscopists, as 
in LEEUWENHOECK, Derde vervolg van Brieven, 7e Missive, 24 Junij, 1692, bl. 409, 
fig. 1; see also Ra@seEt, Ins. 1. Tab. 11. f. 5, 6, 7, Pap. Podalirius, 11. Tab. XLIv., 
Pap. Iris, &e. 
dans 
2 BeRNARD-DuscHAmps, Recherches Microscopiques sur UVorganisation des ailes 
les Lépidopteres. An. des sc. Nat., sec. série 111. 1835.  Zoologie, pp. 11I—137. 
Pl. Bid. 
