INSECTA. : 397 
with only ten feet, the rest with twelve, always with anal feet. 
Pupa inclosed in a thin follicle. 
The genus Phalena or Geometra is principally characterised by 
the caterpillars ; since these have no feet in the middle of the body 
they move in creeping, as leeches do, by flexion and extension of the 
body. Hence these caterpillars are named surveyors or span-cater- 
pillars (eruce geometrice, chenilles arpenteuses, Spanner.) 
Comp. on this genus TREITSCHKE especially, Die Schmetterlingen von 
Europa, of which the entire sixth part (Leipz. 1827, 1828) is set apart for 
treating of the numerous European species of this genus; and further 
HERRICH-SCHEFFER, Uebersicht der Spanner, in his continuation of PANZER, 
Ins. Deutschl. Heft 165, 176, 179. 
Linus has made a subdivision according to the antenne ; where they 
are pectinate he gives to the specific name the termination -aria (as pini- 
aria), when they are setaceous that of -ata (as grossulariata!). The cha- 
racteristic of pectinate antennz, however, besides that it is proper to the 
male alone, occasionally separates naturally allied species. As little can 
the separation of these species, which have wingless females, of which 
LATREILLE forms his sub-genus Hybernia, be commended. 
a) Caterpillars with twelve feet. 
Ellopia TREITSCHKE. (Antenne in males pectinate.) 
Sp. Phalena margaritaria Fas., Phalena margaritata L. fem., Seer, Nederl. 
Ins. u. Nachtvl, 1. Bende 1 Gezin, Tab. 111., Panz. Deutschl. Ins. Heft 41, 
Tab. 23, Heft 63, Tab. 23; light-green wings, the fore with two white 
bands, the hinder with one only, which is a continuation of the most 
external of the fore-wing. Amongst the Noctuew also some species occur 
with twelve-footed caterpillars, which however are not spanners. 
’ b) Caterpillars with ten feet. 
Ennomos, Acena, Geometra, Aspilates, Crocallis, Gnophos, Bour- 
mia, Amphidasis, Psodos, Fidonia, Chesias, Cabera, Acidalia, 
Larentia, Cidaria, Zerene, Minoe, Idea TreirscHKE (a name to 
be rejected since already given by Fasricius to a genus of the 
Diurnals). Comp. on other genera, here omitted, WEstwoon, Generic. 
Synops. pp. 98—104. 
[Wote.—The numerous species of Phalene are distinguished by variety 
of form, and often present an analogy truly wonderful with other genera 
1 Here we have an instance of the happy mnemotechnic of which Linnavs in all 
his writings made such rational use. The distinction however given by him is not in 
every instance well-founded ; Phal. sambucaria, for example, ought properly to be 
called sambucata. 
