404 CLASS VIII. 
elongate, rotundate, inferior furnished with retinaculum. Larve 
smooth, with sixteen feet, living in wood. 
Sp. Cossus ligniperda, Phal. (Bombyx) Cossus L. ; Supp, Nederl. Ins. 111. Tab. 
XLII, xLIv; Dumérit, Cons. gén. s. l. Ins. Pl. 45, fig. 5; RATZHBURG, 
Forst-Ins. 1. Tab. ut. fig. 1. The expanded wings are more than 3” 
broad ; the colour of the wings is ash-grey, with black interrupted stripes 
that meet reticulately. The caterpillar reaches a length of three inches, 
and is red-brown on the back; it lives more than two years before changing 
into. pupa, and infests not willows alone, but other trees also, It is this 
species which was investigated by Lyoner in his unrivalled 7raité anat. 
de la Chenille, and is on that account so generally known. See also 
his Recherches sur V Anat. et les Métamorphoses des Insectes, edited by DE 
Haan, pp. 369—546, Pl. 39—54 (on this insect in the state of pupa and 
moth). 
Zeuzera Later. Antenne in males pectinate at base, setaceous at 
apex, in females serrate. 
Stygia Draparn. (Species of Chimera OCHSENH.) 
Hepialus Fasr., Hepiolus Iuuic. Tongue obsolete. Antenne 
very short (shorter than thorax), filiform or subserrate. Ocelli 
none. Wings deflected, lanceolate, posterior mostly without reti- 
naculum. lLarve smooth, with sixteen feet, subterranean, rhizo- 
phagous. 
Sp. Hepialus humuli, Phal. (Noctua) humuli L., Panzer, Deutschl. Ins. Heft 
70, Tab. 23, 24;—Hepial. lupulinus, Phal. (Noctua) lupulina L.; PANZER, 
Deutschl. Ins. Heft 94, Tab. 23, 24; GuéRIN, Iconogr. Ins. Pl. 85, 
fig. 1, &e. 
Family XXVI. Crepuscularia. Wings subhorizontal or de- 
flected, bridled in almost all, the posterior furnished with retinacu- 
lum. Antenne prismatico-clavate or fusiform, simple or serrate, in 
few pectinate. Tongue distinct, in some very long. Posterior 
tibia with double internal spine. Caterpillars with sixteen feet, 
sometimes naked, furnished posteriorly with dorsal horn, sometimes 
pilose or hirsute. Pupa smooth, in some folliculated, m most 
buried beneath the earth. Flight of imago matutine and ves- 
pertine. 
Evening-moths, Twilight-moths, Crepuscular moths. This family 
consists for the most part of the Linnzan genus Sphin. 
I. Anterior wings elongate, narrow, posterior small, nvuch smaller 
than anterior. 
